Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Questions - Assignment Example Moreover, sub-division of goods was necessary without which the barter system could not take place (Suri, Budhiraja and Rajput 2005). Some of the other problems associated with barter system were in storing the materials that would be used for exchange. Since they were in material forms, they required enough spaces, for example materials like rice, grains, etc. Facilities of credit could not be made available in this system. Also, difficulty was faced in transferring the goods and products from one place to another (Suri, Budhiraja and Rajput 2005). In a barter system, even when the number of commodities would be few, the exchange rates for different products and goods became burdensome (Thomas 2005). The establishment of the monetary system has improved upon the barter system owing to different reasons. The barter system has proved to be a system that caused inconvenience for the reasons mentioned above. With all its associated difficulties, the scope and scale of trade became limit ed with use of a barter system. The monetary economy eliminated such difficulties. Money could be used for the purchase of products where the value of the goods could be measured and monetary payments done accordingly. In the monetary system, thus goods are exchanged with money. ... With the new system, the economy of the world could be seen to specialize with higher levels of labor divisions as well. While in the barter system only tangible assets could be used for economy; in the monetary economy, money could be included in the list of assets of any individual. Thus savings is possible to be achieved more in the monetary economic system, where investments can be made with the money depending on need and time. With the monetary economy in place, problems with consumption and distribution have been found to be solved, leading to better investment measures in the economy as well (Kolars et al 2013). Thus it can be said that the establishment of monetary economy has improved upon the previous barter economy. Solution 2: Considering the introduction of money in the economic system of the world, all forms of money are actually incorporated. Thus money could be in the form of anything, any goods or products having some intrinsic value, or that which might not have an y intrinsic value (Karimzadi 2012). Money does not possess any inherent value of its own. It is valuable because people are in needed, while its supply is limited. Goods and products are the most essential factors in the economy. Money is essential as it allows to purchase or sale such needed goods and products. However, the value of money gets affected or influenced depending on factors like inflation that severely affects trade and business activities and people tend to react badly in such situations. Increase in supply of money leads to conditions like inflation in an economy, resulting to increase in prices of goods and products. Hence, essentially the value of

Social Exclusions Relationship With Poverty

Social Exclusions Relationship With Poverty Is The Term Social Exclusion Just A New Euphemism For Poverty? Introduction In some quarters the terms social exclusion and poverty are used almost interchangeably. This has led some writers to question whether social exclusion is a catch all term, and a new euphemism for poverty. In recent decades unemployment levels have risen dramatically and continue to do so. This has led to a rise in the number of those who are long-term unemployed. It has also meant that there are now a large number of people dependent on benefits. During the same period social changes and successive government policies have served to widen the gap between rich and poor. Field (1996) believes that under the Conservatives, there were fundamental contradictions in social security policy which continued up until 1997 when John Major was voted out of power. Conservatives vowed to get people back to work and to reduce the role of the ‘nanny state’. The Government targeted benefits, which became means tested, thus increasing dependency and putting people into a poverty trap fro m which it was difficult to escape. This Field (1996) contends is the major contributory factor to social exclusion and has, he states, led to the development of an underclass whereby some people are denied the social and citizenship rights enjoyed by other members of society. This paper will examine what is meant by social exclusion and compare this with some debates about poverty to assess whether the term social exclusion might be regarded as a new euphemism for poverty. Social Exclusion The Social exclusion unit was originally set up in December 1997. The Government’s approach, in setting up the unit is to find ways of tackling what they call the intractable problems of teenage pregnancy, deprived neighbourhoods and troublesome behaviour. The Unit aims to achieve this through the use of what they term a connective approach. New Labour’s social exclusion unit has produced a number of reports on the root causes of social exclusion and on initiatives intended to tackle them. Government documents[1] maintain that people who are economically disadvantaged are also liable to be disadvantaged in other areas. They may live in areas with the poorest housing, and have less access to decent schools and health services. Poverty is not just going without ‘things’ The Child Poverty Action Group has identified the fact that the poorest members of society suffer from poor health, stress and stigma. Theorists speak of the poverty trap because people become stuck in a never ending cycle of making do and mending in situations where people would choose differently, were they given the option. Poverty curtails freedom of choice. The freedom to eat as you wish, to go where and when you like, to seek the leisure pursuits or political activities which others accept; all are denied to those without the resources†¦poverty is most comprehensively understood as a state of partial citizenship (Golding, ed. 1986 quoted in Browne, 1998,p.61) Social exclusion is not restricted to the poor in society. Traditional families in rural areas may be excluded from leisure opportunities and cut off from basic services such as public transport (Giddens, 2001). Government policy often gives with one hand and takes back with another. On the one hand it initiates drives for social inclusion, many of them aimed at young people, on the other, there have been moves to restrict the amount of Local Authority Housing to young, lone mothers and the curtailment of benefits for those who are not regarded as actively seeking employment. Some of this is related to other Government policies, not least the pledge to strengthen families. The result has been that an increasing number of young, unmarried mothers and their children live with their parents thus shifting the responsibility back into the private sphere. The 2004 government report on tackling social exclusion maintains that exclusion is a generational problem and that those who have parents living on the margins of society are more likely to be among the socially excluded in society. The reasons for social exclusion are connected. Thus, poverty, unemployment, and a lack of education are all facets of the same problem. Government recognises that they cannot tackle social exclusion unless they adopt an approach that deals with all these issues together (ODPM, 2004). The report maintains that its efforts are paying off and that there is a reduction in the number of households where no adult is working and that what they see as the seemingly intractable problems of single parents and youth offending are being addressed (ODPM, 2004:6). It should be noted here that while the Government expresses concern, and pledges to help excluded groups, at the same time it labels them and crime and illegitimacy become increasingly linked with poverty in public consciousness. Poverty The Department for Work and Pensions Website published a paper on 8th April 2004, it states that the Government is determined to tackle poverty and its causes, not just its symptoms and that this will involve joined-up Government action across the board.[2] Definitions of poverty are highly contested however, and some sort of measure is needed if any practical application is to be achieved. The concepts absolute and relative poverty, are most commonly used, and raise heated debate as scholars fail to agree on the issue. Absolute poverty is the most minimum standard of resources that people could be said to need and is defined by the poverty line or poverty rate. Because standards of living vary widely between countries the poverty rate is calculated as relative to the standards that apply in a given country (Giddens, 2001). This is the poverty index. There are a number of indicators that are used to measure poverty in Britain and to assess whether a person is living in absolute or re lative poverty and the poverty index is widely used in policy decision making. This is problematic because Government measures of poverty are taken as relative to the household incomes of the whole population. The Institute for Fiscal Studies argues that this: obscures the true picture (because)..Previous predictions were too optimistic because they largely did not take into account the fact that the governments target measure of child poverty is a relative one (Guardian,25/6/03).[3] Since Townsend’s work in the 1970s many theorists argue that there are large numbers of people in Britain who live in a state of relative poverty. One of the problems with speaking of relative poverty is that societies do not remain the same, rather they change and develop and with this is the need for understandings of relative poverty to change also. Western society in particular is becoming increasingly more affluent and standards of relative poverty are adjusted upwards in response to this (Giddens,2001). The British Medical Journal (2000) report looked at absolute and relative child poverty in developed countries where household income is more than fifty percent lower than the average. The report found that in the league table of relative child poverty one of the four bottom places was held by the UK. Nickell (2003) contends that since 1979 increased unemployment coupled with a rise in benefit payments and earnings that are index linked to prices rather than wages, has re sulted in a massive increase in the number of people in the UK who are living in relative poverty.[4] The concept of relative poverty causes problems in a number of areas rather than using household income as the regulator it might be better if statisticians calculated the prices of basic goods and services (Daily Telegraph 27/08/02). Another approach to measuring relative poverty is through people’s perceptions of what constitutes the necessities of life. The work of Mack and Lansley (1985, 1992) identified a number of categories that were considered to be necessary to modern day life. There were twenty six things that most respondents considered important and included new clothes, heating, a bath and indoor toilet. Relative poverty was thus measured by the presence or absence of those things. The research found that there was a rise in the number of people living in poverty in the 1980s, this was defined by the lack of three or more of the basic necessities. Between 1983 and 1990 when the two studies were undertaken the number of people living in poverty rose from 7.5 millio n to 11 million and those living in severe poverty (lacking more than 7 items) from 2.6 to 3.5 million (Mack and Lansley, 1992). Poverty is also defined by people’s ability or inability to participate in social activities such as visits to the cinema or school trips. Social Exclusion and Poverty In recent years there has been a concentration on social exclusion, which does not look at poverty simply in terms of a lack of material resources, but at the wider picture of people’s ability to participate in society. The 2004 Report maintains that social exclusion is inter-generational and that such families are more likely to be headed by a lone mother, more inclined to be on the fringes of petty crime and to be long term unemployed. Children from these families often follow the same patterns as their parents and grandparents, There is, however, little concrete evidence to suggest that children of socially excluded parents always follow that pattern, there are many who do not. Unemployment, single mothers and homelessness are mentioned alongside rising crime levels, drug abuse and anti-social behaviour. Chambez (2001) Argues that single parent households are very often among the poorest. English speaking countries have the highest number of single parents, and those who ar e working are among the lowest paid. Employment chances are still limited for women with children because employers expect that motherhood is more important than a career (Walby, 1990). These are parents who are attempting to be self-reliant and while family working tax credits may seem like a good idea it is, arguably the case, that they serve to encourage a dependency culture for people who might prefer to be independent. Lewis (1992) has argued that Britain is a strong male breadwinner state with gendered welfare policies, for example its inadequate childcare provision. While no effort is now made to stop women working, the assumption is that women will be secondary wage earners and, despite the large numbers of women in paid employment, they tend to be in short, part-time, low status work (Lewis,1992:165). As Pierson (1998) contends women (and in many cases their dependent children), because of the way in which society works against their proper enfranchisement, are more reliant on the welfare state. This is a state which looks on them with less favour than it does the masculine majority because the latter are generally in more secure, long-term, and better paid employment. Such and Walker (2004) contend that public and policy debate on the lives of children and the family has increasingly centred around the idea of responsibility. The Prime Minister has gone on record as saying that people need to be responsible for themselves and their families and that New Labour was offering a hand-up rather than a hand-out. The Conservative Government had been voted out because they had failed to act and had not cared about the disadvantaged in society. Their values were wrong and the time had come for a new set of values where the better off and the disadvantaged worked together. There is a new u nderclass in Britain Tony Blair has said, who are cut off from mainstream society. He argued for a better society one where everyone was included, provided that if they wanted to get something out then they had to put something in. On the one hand Blair was handing out a vision of a utopian Britain while at the same time implying that if people were on the margins of life then by and large it was from their own rootless morality and they needed to act responsibly in order to be part of the new society that New Labour would create. What was termed anti-social behaviour is spoken of in the same light as criminal behaviour and Blair said that these things would be rooted out. The following excerpt from an early speech by the Prime Minister is, arguably, a central factor behind much of the Government’s agenda to those it deems to be on the margins: Now, at the close of the twentieth century, the decline of old industries and the shift to an economy based on knowledge and skills has given rise to a new class: a workless class. In many countries- not just Britain-a large minority is playing no role in the formal economy, dependent on Benefits and the black economy. In 1979 only one in twelve non-pensioner households had no-one bringing in a wage, today one in five are in that position  (Blair, T. 1997 no page number) This kind of rhetoric perpetuates the stereotypical view that people who live on benefits are work shy and thus quite happy to live on handouts. Walker (1994) argues that public conceptions that people on benefits have taken the easy option are misplaced, in the majority of cases life becomes a greater struggle. She contends that: Despite sensational newspaper headlines, living on social assistance is not an option most people would choose if they were offered a genuine alternative. Most find themselves in that position because of some traumatic event in their lives; loss of a job, loss of a partner or the onset of ill health (Walker, 1994:9). The Government’s 2004 report on social exclusion conflates it with poverty. In this way the Government resorts to nineteenth century views of the undeserving poor. Social exclusion has come to be a catch all term for anything that authority sees as detrimental to the workings of a capitalist society. It has become the new euphemism for poverty because in capitalist societies poverty has always been regarded as some sort of crime. Conclusion Poverty means that people are unable to afford the goods that are associated with an acceptable standard of living, social exclusion on the other hand, refers to more than the lack of resources to obtain commodities, it is, rather, a process of being shut out, totally or in part, from the social, cultural, political and economic systems which contribute to a person’s integration into society (Haralambos et al, 2000). Nolan and Whelan (1996) contend that, Talking of social exclusion rather than poverty highlights the gap between those who are active members of society and those who are forced to the fringe, the increasing risks of social disintegration, and the fact that, for the persons concerned and for society, this is a process of change and not a fixed or static situation (Nolan and Whelan, 1996:190). The effects of social exclusion, the 2004 Report further maintains, result in huge costs to society and to the economy. It would seem therefore that Government concerns over social exclusion are motivated primarily by budgetary concerns. Making social exclusion the new euphemism for poverty effectively criminalises those who in many instances are poor as a result of successive Government policies rather than through any fault of their own. Bibliography Alcock, P. 1997 2nd ed. Understanding Poverty. London, Macmillan. Blackman, S. 1997 â€Å"Destructing a Giro: a critical and ethnographic study of the youth underclass† in Macdonald R. ed. 1997 Youth, the Underclass, and Social Exclusion. London, Routledge Browne, K.1998. (2nd ed.) An Introduction to Sociology. Cambridge, Polity Press. Chambez, C. 2001. â€Å"Lone-Parent Families in Europe: A Variety of Economic and Social Circumstances† Social Policy and Administration 2001, 35, 6, Dec, 658-671 Field, F. 1996. Stakeholder Welfare. London, IEA Giddens, A. 2001. (4th ed). Sociology. Cambridge, Polity Press Haralambos et al 2000. 5th ed Sociology: Themes and Perspectives. London, Collins Mack, J. and Lansley,S. 1985. Poor Britain. London, George Allen and Unwin. Mack, J. and Lansley,S. 1992. Breadline Britain 1990s The Findings of the Television Series. London, London Weekend Television. Mack, J. and Lansley,S. 1985. Poor Britain. London, George Allen and Unwin. Mack, J. and Lansley,S. 1992. Breadline Britain 1990s The Findings of the Television Series. London, London Weekend Television. Nickell, S. RES conference paper April 2003 Poverty and Worklessness in Britain Nolan, B. and Wheelan, C. 1996 Resources: Deprivation and Poverty. Oxford, Clarendon Press Such, E. and Walker, R. 2004 â€Å"Being responsible and responsible beings: childrens understanding of responsibility† Children and Society 18 (3) Jun 2004, pp.231-242 Walby, S. 1986. Patriarchy at Work. Cambridge: Polity. Walker,C. 1994 â€Å"Managing Poverty†. Sociology Review April, 1994 p.9 The Daily Telegraph 27th August 2002 The Guardian Newspaper 25th June 2003 Townsend, P. 1979. Poverty in the United Kingdom. Harmondsworth, Penguin. Blair, T. 1997 The Will to Win, http://www.socialexclusionunit.gov.uk/downloaddoc.asp?id=59 (no page numbering) http://www.socialexclusionunit.gov.uk/downloaddoc.asp?id=44 Mental Health and Social Exclusion Consultation Document ODPM 2004. Count Me In http://www.socialexclusionunit.gov.uk/downloaddoc.asp?id= ODPM. 2004 Tackling Social Exclusion: Taking Stock and Looking to the Future http://www.socialexclusionunit.gov.uk/downloaddoc.asp?id=13 page 17 Community Care, 2005 communitycare.co.uk/articles/article.asp?liarticleid=48388liSectionID=30sKeys=anti+social+behaviourliParentID=14th April (no page numbers). 1 [1]http://www.socialexclusionunit.gov.uk/downloaddoc.asp?id [2] http://www.dwp.gov.uk/publications/dwp/2004/childpov-response/govt-response.pdf [3] Appendix One [4] http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp0579.pdf Nickell, S. RES conference paper April 2003

Frida Kahlos Definition of Self Essay example -- essays research pape

Frida Kahlo is one of the most famous female painters to originate from the twentieth century, and for good reason. Her art is filled with beauty and creativity, but Frida’s main source of fame comes from the emotions that these paintings invoke, rather than the actual paintings. This is because Frida put herself into every painting she did, leaving traces of her presence all throughout this world and these traces remain long after her physical departure. Frida was a very peculiar and unique individual, hence, Frida’s definition of what a person is, or rather, what a self is, follows accordingly. The self is the reality that one conceives, and this self will live long after the physical body dies, continuing on as long as their memories endure. This is what Frida Kahlo defines as the self, according to her artwork. Frida’s paintings are very diverse, but they all have at least one thing in common: they all allow a glimpse into Frida’s own reality, and some more than others. In the painting, Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird (Kahlo, p1), Frida is seemingly in a jungle or garden with a cat and a monkey on opposite shoulders with dragonflies buzzing about her head. She also has a hummingbird tied to an adorned necklace of thorns, which is making her neck bleed. The real emotion in this painting comes fully from Frida’s face. Frida’s eyes are blank and staring straight forward. No happiness emanates from these eyes, only a cold, anguished spirit radiates. Even in this paradise-like setting she is chased by her torment. Although Frida has fabricated a beautiful piece of scenery, she still cannot enjoy the lush flora and fauna around her. This follows her definition accordingly. Although Frida wants noth... ...he will never be forgotten because she has gone to great lengths to traces of her presence everywhere she went. Frida Kahlo is inarguably the most famous painter from the twentieth century because she puts such emotion into her paintings. She put her own reality into every painting that she ever fabricated. She never painted stories or fiction, she only painted what she saw in her own mind, and what she saw in her mind was her life. Much of her life was bad, and much of her life was good, but it was all on canvas, and it’s all open to interpretation. If her paintings mean something specific to a specific person, Frida would say that is all that matters. Frida’s paintings had very intense meanings for her, but she would never want to take a person’s own interpretation away from him or her. Frida would say that the only reality anyone has is of their own make.

Labelling Processes Essay

The labelling theory is a micro interactionist approach, this is because it focuses on how individuals construct the social world through face-face interactions. It recognises the concept of the ‘procedural self’ where ones identity is continuously constructed and recognised in interaction with significant others, this results in the individual’s behaviour, including that related to crime and deviance. Significant others are those who are in high social power and thus able to dictate influence and actively determine an individual’s life. Such individuals may include police officers, prison officers, politicians, parents and teachers. Feminists would argue however that these are all the males in society, determining and controlling the lives of females, keeping society patriarchal. The influence that significant others place on individuals lives is through the use of labels, the labels aren’t usually based on individual characteristics, more so stereotypes, working assumptions and professional knowledge. For example Cicaurel found that police patrolled working class areas more intensively, resulting in more arrests, this is due to the police’s stereotypical view that delinquent individuals are part of the working class. Lemert distinguishes between primary and secondary deviance in society. Primary deviance involves minor offences such as vandalism or smoking underage and these acts are usually uncaught or insignificant. However an individual may be caught for such acts and inturn be labelled as delinquent or deviant, the social reaction of this label results in the development of secondary deviance: more serious crimes such as assault or drugs. This therefore illustrates that it is not the act itself but the hostile societal reaction by significant others that creates serious deviance, thus crime and deviance being products of the labelling process. Support for this idea is research conducted by Jock Young on hippy marijuana users. Drugs were associated with hippies which demonstrate primary deviance. Police then labelled and persecuted hippies for their behaviour, excluding them from normal society. AS a result a deviant subculture emerged where hippies retreated into closed groups, grew hair out long, wore eccentric clothes and drug use became a central activity. Gove argued that there are two consequences of labelling: creation of sigma, modification of self images. Stigma is the negative branding of an individual and refers to the public condemnation and exclusion of the criminal. The media tend to exaggerate the behaviour of such people, causing increased fear and moral panic in society, resulting in avoidance and constantly being treated with suspicion. Becker refers to a ‘master status’ where once a person is labelled all of their actions are interpreted in light of the label and only negative aspects of that individual’s behaviour are focussed on. Because of the stigma created from the label a modification of self image occurs in the individual. The individual essentially lives up to their deviant label, becoming the person described in the label. The process of deviancy amplification whereby any punishments or treatment therefore reinforce the individual perception of the criminal, thus more crimes fitting to the label are carried out. This theory can however by criticised because it is determinist, where individuals have n control over the process and once they have been labelled they will inevitably turn deviant or criminal. Social action theorists believe in free will and individual’s choice to reject their label. In addition the label may cause the opposite result where an individual seeks to actively prove their label wrong by thriving and succeeding in their work/ life. Furthermore the labelling theory claims that deviant and criminal behaviour only occurs when a label is given, it does not account for crimes committed by those who have no labels placed upon them. Marxists, for example, would argue the theory fails to explain middle class, white collar or corporate crime, since the offenders have high social power and would be significant others rather than the individuals labelled. In conclusion although the labelling theory offers some explanation as to the crime and deviance in today’s society there are many gaps. Other explanation such as subcultural crime and deviance would argue that it is not the interaction of individuals but the illegitimate opportunity structures within society that results in crime and deviance.

Ocean Manufacturing

The client acceptance process can be quite complex. Discuss five procedures an auditor should perform in determining whether to accept a client. Which of these five are required by auditing standards and identify the applicable standards?1. Obtain an understanding of the client's business and operations. Consideration should be given to reading available financial information regarding the prospective client such as annual reports, registration statements, Forms 10-K, other reports to regulatory agencies and income tax returns.2. Inquire as to the general reputation of high ranking employees, influential directors and shareholders, as well as the entity itself. Carefully consider any matters that may negatively reflect on management's integrity, ability and attitude. Such inquiries may be directed to the prospective client's bankers, legal counsel, underwriters, and others in the business community. Background checks obtained by investigative firms may also be useful.3. Consider mana gement's response to observations about or suggestions for improvements in internal controls made by the predecessor auditor and/or the internal auditor.4. Consider the composition and autonomy of the Board of Directors and the Audit Committee, including the number of independent outside directors.5. Communicate with the predecessor auditor in accordance with the provisions of Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 84 [AU315]. Inquiries should be directed to the integrity of management and the reasons for the change in auditor.The following situations should be carefully considered in assessing whether to accept a client: o There has been a disagreement with the previous auditor over accounting principles or practices; financial statement disclosures; auditing scope; or the Form 8-K discloses a reportable event as defined in Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-K. o The previous auditor resigned or declined to stand for re-election or there is no clear reason for the c essation of the client relationship. o Access to the predecessor auditor's working papers has been denied. Other CPA firms have declined to serve the prospective client. There appears to be evidence of â€Å"opinion shopping. â€Å"2. Return on Equity (ROE=Net profit after tax /Total Shareholders' Equity * 100) 2521/35469 x100 = 7. 11% Return on Assets (ROA=Net profit after tax / Total Assets * 100)2521/66820 x 100 = 3. 77  Ã‚  Unfavorable Assets to Equity (Total Assets / Total Shareholders' Equity) 66821/35469 = 1. 88  Ã‚   favorable Accounts Receivable Turnover (Sales / Account receivable) 104026/7936 = 13. 10 favorable Average Collection Period (Account receivable / Sales * 365) 7936104026 x 365 = 27. 4 favorable Inventory Turnover (Cost of sales / Inventory) 69177/10487 = 6. 6  Ã‚  Unfavorable Days in Inventory (Inventory / Cost of sales * 365) 10487/69177 x365= 44. 3  Ã‚  Favorable Debt Ratio (Total Liabilities / Total Assets)31352/66821 = 0. 47  Ã‚  Not available ( industry figures) Debt to Equity (Total Liabilities / Total Shareholders' Equity) 31353/35469 = 0. 88 Favorable Times Interest Earned (Profit before interest and tax / Interest expense) 6242/1474 = 4. 23  Ã‚  Favorable Current Ratio (Current assets / Current liabilities)27064/14118 =1. 2  Ã‚  favorable Profit Margin (Net Profit before interest and tax / Sales * 100) 6242/104026 x100 = 6. 00Unfavorable The comparison needs to be done for the audited accounts and since the audited accounts are available for 2001 and 2000 but the industry figures are available only for 2001 and 2002 we have to select the year 2001 for comparison. The accounts show that the company is healthy and the ratios are mainly favorable except that the company is not properly leveraged and this is leading to a loss of opportunities and a lower profit margin and lower return on equity. There are no grounds of objection emanating from the ratios and the company can be accepted for auditing.3. What non-financia l matters should be considered before accepting Ocean as a client? How important are these issues to the client acceptance decision? Why? In order to minimize the likelihood of association with a client whose management lacks integrity, Statement on Quality Control Standards No. 2, System of Quality Control for a CPA Firm's Accounting and Auditing Practice, (QC Section 20. 4) (applicable to auditing and accounting and review services) provides that â€Å"policies and procedures should be established for deciding whether to accept or continue a client relationship and to perform a specific engagement for that client (QC Section 20. 14)†, to minimize the likelihood of the specific policies and procedures established and the nature and extent to which they may be documented may vary significantly from firm to firm. Throughout the process, from initial consideration about accepting or continuing a client to issuance of an audit report, auditors are faced with risk.This risk can b e thought of as having three components: ? The entity's business risk – The risk that the entity will not survive or will not be profitable. ? The auditor's business risk – The risk to the auditor from association with the client, consisting of the risk of potential litigation costs and the related effect on the auditor's reputation and the risk of other costs (not related to litigation) such as the effects on fee realization. ? The auditor's audit risk – The risk that the auditor may unknowingly fail to appropriately modify his or her opinion on financial statements that are materially misstated.The following discussion highlights matters that a firm may wish to consider in connection with establishing policies and procedures for client acceptance and continuance. The extent to which a firm may choose to employ any of the following is, with the exception of certain procedures required by generally accepted auditing standards, largely a matter of professional ju dgment. The discussion of specific policies and procedures is intended to be thought-provoking and useful to a firm in assessing the particular client acceptance and continuance policies and procedures it may choose to employ in its practice.4a) Ocean wants Barnes and Fischer to aid in developing and improving their IT system. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having the same audit firm provide both auditing and consulting services? Given current rules on professional independence in the Joint Code of Professional Conduct, will Barnes and Fischer be able to help Ocean with their IT system and still provide a financial statement audit?No, given the current rules on professional independence in the Joint Code of Professional Conduct, Barnes and Fisher will not be able to help Ocean with heir IT system and still provide a financial statement audit. This appointment as an IT system consultant violates this rule: â€Å"Consider whether any financial interests or relationships exist that would impair the appearance of the firm's independence from the client and preclude its expression of an opinion on the entity's financial statements. The firm should consider Rule 101 of the AICPA Code of Professional Ethics. For clients that are public companies, the firm should also consider the requirements of the SEC â€Å". and also, Consider any potential conflicts of interest that could result from the acceptance of a client†4 b. As indicated in the case, one of the partners in another office has invested in a venture capital fund that owns shares of Ocean common stock. Would this situation constitute a violation of independence according to the Joint Code of Professional Conduct? Why or why not? The venture capital fund holds 50,000 shares of Ocean stock, currently valued at approximately $18 a share. This investment represents just over a half of one percent of the value of the fund's total holdings.The partner's total investment in the mutual fund is cu rrently valued at about $56,000. Since, the value of the investment represents just over one half percent of the value of the fund's total holdings, the influence of the partner is negligible, and in addition, the partner is located at a separate office so the company may go ahead with acceptance.5a)  Ã‚  Prepare a memo to the partner making a recommendation as to whether Barnes and Fischer should or should not accept Ocean Manufacturing, Inc as an audit client. Carefully justify your position in light of the information in the case.Include consideration of reasons both for and against acceptance and be sure to address both financial and non-financial issues to justify your recommendation Ocean should be accepted as a client for the company. Even though: A check on the background of Ocean's management revealed that five years ago Ocean's vice president of finance was charged with a misdemeanor involving illegal gambling on local college football games. Charges were later dropped i n return for Mr. Stevens' agreeing to pay a fine of $500 and perform 100 hours of community service. There were no other integrity problems found in the company.The various checks carried out in Ocean include:1. Entity's Business Risk o Management:– Engages in activities indicative of a lack of integrity.– Is prone to engage in speculative ventures or accept unusually high business risks.– Displays a poor attitude toward compliance with outside regulatory or legislative obligations.– Engages in complex transactions or innovative deals that make the determination of the effects on the financial statements difficult to assess or highly subjective.– Lacks a proven track record. Is evasive, uncooperative or abusive to the audit team.– APART FROM RELUCTANCE TO INTRODUCE US TO THE PREVIOUS AUDITORS ALL THE FACTORS WERE FOUND TO BE NEGATIVEThe Entity:– Has products that are new and unproven.– Depends on a limited number of customers o r suppliers.– Is experiencing a deteriorating financial condition or liquidity crisis.– Is subject to uncertainties that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.– Operates in countries where business practices are questionable.– Has an inadequate capital base or is highly leveraged.– Is experiencing difficulty in meeting restrictive debt covenants.– Generates negative cash flows from operations but reports operating profits.– Has publicly traded debt outstanding that is below investment grade.– Is a low tier firm in an emerging or maturing industry where weak competitors are exiting the market.– Is subject to unpredictable changes in price and availability of product inputs that cause significant variance in profitability.– Is vulnerable to rapidly changing technology.– Is investing cash from short-term borrowings in long-term assets.INVESTIGATIONS SHOW THAT ALL THE ABOVE FA CTORS AT OCEAN ARE NEGATIVE o The Industry:– Is undergoing rapid change.– Is subject to high competition, market saturation, product obsolescence, or declining demand.– Has high operating leverage demonstrated by high fixed costs and low variable costs.– Is highly cyclical or counter cyclical.– Has a low entry barrier.– Is facing regulations that will adversely impact profitability throughout the industry.EXAMINATION OF INDUSTRY DETAILS AT LEXIS NEXIS SHOWS THAT NONE OF THE NEGATIVE TRENDS IN THE INDUSTRY ARE PRESENT2. Barnes and Fischer ‘s Business Risk o The entity is prone to a high number of lawsuits or controversies. o There are frequent changes in the entity's auditors. o The entity plans to engage in an initial public offering or use the financial statements to engage in a debt or equity offering. o The financial statements will be used in connection with an acquisition or disposal of a business or segment INVESTIGATIONS HAVE SH OWN THAT IN CASE OF THE PROSPECTIVE CLIENT NONE OF THE ABOVE MENTIONED RISKS ARE THERE FOR Barnes and Fischer .5. b. Prepare a separate memo to the partner briefly listing and discussing the five or six most important factors or risk areas that will likely affect how the audit is conducted if the Ocean engagement is accepted. Be sure to indicate specific ways in which the audit firm should tailor its approach based on the factors you identify. The risk areas in case of Ocean include;2. The company is under levered.3. The company is not getting loans in the market because of disrepute not know to us.4. There might be integrity issues related to the vice- president involved in gambling but kept underground and secret. The Barnes and Fischer should be vigilant on the activities of the main executives of Ocean.5. The percentage of profit earned by the company is lower than the industry norm. Barnes and Fischer should keep a close watch on the profit margin of the company and in case of anomalistic behavior should mention it in the auditor's report Barnes and Fischer should follow SAS No. 47, as amended, Audit Risk and Materiality in Conducting an Audit (AU Section 312), which provides guidance on the auditor's consideration of audit risk when planning and performing an audit of financial statements.Examples of factors that may increase audit risk include:o Operations that are dominated by a single individual.o Undue emphasis on achieving earnings per share; maintaining the market price of the company's stock; or meeting earnings projections.o Unreliable processes for making accounting estimates or questionable estimates by executives.o Unrealistic budget levels that encourage unrealistic objectives.o A high volume of significant year-end transactions.o Compensation based to a significant degree on reported earnings. o An unnecessarily complex corporate structure. Prior-year financial statements that were restated for correction of an error or irregularity.o Attemp ts by management to reduce the scope of Barnes and Fischer .o Substantial litigation involving the entity's business practices.o Material weaknesses or other reportable conditions in the internal control structure.o Significant and unusually complex related party transactions. o Affiliates that are unaudited or audited by others.o Management espouses aggressive accounting principles.o Understaffed accounting department or inexperienced personnel.Financial reports not prepared on a timely basis. Please note the lacunae in the question. First, the question does not mention the weights Barnes and Fischer intend to give financial measure and non-financial measures for accepting Ocean as the client. Second, the question does not mention what influence the partner in the ‘other' office has in the auditing of Barnes and Fischer. This is related to the policies of the auditors. Third, the question of there being advantages and disadvantages of appointing the same firm as auditor and c onsultant does not arise. Remember, the Enron scam!Fourth, the question is not clear if Barnes and Fischer have experience of auditing accounts of firms making small home appliances. Fifth, the question mention in one place that Ocean wants to make a public issue, on the other hand the company accounts are showing that the company is under leveraged, these two things are antithetical and Barnes and Fischer should have investigated why Ocean wants to go in for equity when Ocean should actually go in for debt. Still this is an excellent question in auditing. Please use the above guidelines and write an excellent answer. Ocean Manufacturing Barnes and Fischer, LLP| To:| Jane Hunter| From:| Susan Anderson, Elizabeth Lane, Chantal Murphy, Elizabeth Robinson| CC:| Dr. Cashell| Date:| 3/5/2013| Re:| Decision on Accepting Ocean Manufacturing as a client| | Recommendation: We recommend that we do not accept Ocean Manufacturing as a client. Justification:There were several issues we considered when making our recommendation:0Independence Violation0No experience in the industry0Can’t do consulting because SOX violation0Red flag with regard to contact to previous auditor0Significant Mgt.Turnover0Unethical behavior (illegal gambling)03 years ago received qualified opinion0Aggressively accounting to meet creditor’s requirements0New accounting system0Audit trails not kept in tactFirst, we considered possible GAAS and GAAP violations. When reviewing Ocean Manufacturing’s background information, we found that a partner in the Salt Lake City office owns shares in a venture fund which holds a private equity investm ent in Ocean common stock. This is an independence violation which goes against the second general standard of GAAS.Another GAAS violation could be considered because we have a background in the healthcare service industry and Ocean Manufacturing is in the appliance industry. Since we do not have training in this field, we would be violating the first general standard of GAAS. There is also a SOX violation because Ocean Manufacturing would like us to do consulting and help prepare for the IPO. They also would like us to work with their IT program. This goes against the rules of GAAP.Since they are getting ready to offer an IPO we would be faced with higher litigation risk. Ocean Manufacturing also has various management issues that have raised red flags. The company has experienced high management turnover, which could be an indication of how the company is run on a daily basis. When the vice-president of Ocean was approached to discuss the previous auditor, he was hesitant to talk about the previous audit firm. If a potential client is even hesitant to allow engagement with prior auditor, this is not usually a good sign.Also, when the client background check was conducted, it was discovered that the vice-president of finance was involved with illegal gambling in the past, which could be an indication of his lack of ethics. This behavior could carry over to unethical behavior in the company since the leaders set the tone of the company which in turn reflects a higher litigation risk. There were also issues with the company’s financial statements. Three years ago Ocean Manufacturing received a qualified report from their auditor.Ocean’s previous auditor told us their problems with Ocean primarily related to management reflecting their revenue and accruals aggressively in order meet creditors’ requirements and the complexity of Ocean’s new IT system. When reviewing their control systems, we noticed a few issues. Ocean Manufacturingâ⠂¬â„¢s audit trails were not kept intact due to system failures and errors. There are also system failures when it comes to their new accounting system. There are problems in inventory tracking and cost accumulation, receivable billing and aging, payroll tax deductions, payables, and balance sheet account classifications.This could also explain some of the aspects of the financial statements that appeared to be off compared to previous years. Ocean’s accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses appear to be much greater than the changes in the year before. This could also be because of the aggressive accruing that was discussed earlier. In conclusion, we feel that the issues with auditing standards, management, and financial statements are good enough indications as to why we should not accept Ocean Manufacturing as a client. |

john howard essays

john howard essays It was early morning in Baghdad. The sun had just begun to creep over the sand dunes of the Iraqi desert and the coalition forces were poised for their attack. They had entered the city during the night, and were waiting at their posts for the signal to come from their commanders. They had been told that an Iraqi weapons stockpile was being kept inside the warehouse that they were now surrounding. The plan was to go in, arrest anyone at the scene and secure all of the weapons. President Bush had been unable to attend the operation so he had sent John Howard, the Prime minister of Australia as his replacement. The idea was to broadcast live footage of the Prime Minister and coalition troops seizing the weapons, then for Howard to make a speech on how successful the overthrowing of Saddam Hussein had been so far. The warehouse had been well covered up. It was old and run-down and had peeling signs and advertisements scattered across the outside walls. A large, half worn out photo of some biscuits in a tin was painted above the main doors, suggesting it had once been a biscuit factory or something of the sort. The signal came through on the radio. The troops ran for the warehouse in force, two at the front used a battering ram to knock down the doors. They charged inside straight away, struck by the huge piles of boxes covering the warehouse floor. They moved in groups checking every last inch of ground for possible attackers. There was only one other room apart from the main storage area. It seemed like a managers office, the only furniture inside being a desk and chair. A squad entered the office whilst the rest began opening and searching the many boxes. The only object found in the office was a small handgun in the desk drawer, probably for security reasons. After hours of checking through boxes all they could find were clothes, they must have been dumped there or were waiting to be exported out of the country ...

Christopher Wren, the Man Who Rebuilt London

Christopher Wren, the Man Who Rebuilt London After the Great Fire of London in 1666, Sir Christopher Wren designed new churches and supervised the reconstruction of some of Londons most important buildings. His name is synonymous with London architecture. Background Born: October 20, 1632, at East Knoyle in Wiltshire, England Died: February 25, 1723, in London (age 91) Tombstone Epitaph (translated from Latin) in St. Pauls Cathedral, London: Underneath lies buried Christopher Wren, the builder of this church and city; who lived beyond the age of ninety years, not for himself, but for the public good. If you seek his memorial, look about you. Early Training Sickly as a child, Christopher Wren began his education at home with his father and a tutor. Later, he attended school outside of home. Westminster School: Wren may have done some studies here between 1641 and 1646.Oxford: Began astronomy studies in 1649. Received B.A. in 1651, M.A. in 1653 After graduation, Wren worked on astronomy research and became a Professor of Astronomy at Gresham College in London and later at Oxford. As an astronomer, the future architect developed exceptional skills working with models and diagrams, experimenting with creative ideas, and engaging in scientific reasoning. Wrens Early Buildings In the 17th century, architecture was considered a pursuit that could be practiced by any gentleman educated in the field of mathematics. Christopher Wren began designing buildings when his uncle, the Bishop of Ely, asked him to plan a new chapel for Pembroke College, Cambridge. 1663-1665: New chapel for Pembroke College, Cambridge1664-1668: Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford King Charles II commissioned Wren to repair St. Pauls Cathedral. In May 1666, Wren submitted plans for a classical design with a high dome. Before this work could proceed, the fire destroyed the Cathedral and much of London. When Wren Rebuilt London In September 1666, the Great Fire of London destroyed 13,200 houses, 87 churches, St. Pauls Cathedral, and most of Londons official buildings. Christopher Wren proposed an ambitious plan that would rebuild London with wide streets radiating from a central hub. Wrens plan failed, probably because property owners wanted to keep the same land they owned before the fire. However, Wren did design 51 new city churches and the new St Pauls Cathedral. In 1669, King Charles II hired Wren to oversee the reconstruction of all the royal works (government buildings). Notable Buildings 1670-1683: St. Mary Le Bow, at Cheapside, London, UK1671-1677: Monument to the Great Fire of London, with Robert Hooke1671-1681: St. Nicholas Cole Abbey, London1672-1687: St. Stephens Walbrook, London1674-1687: St. James, at Picadilly, London1675-1676: Royal Observatory, Greenwich, UK1675-1710: Saint Pauls Cathedral, London1677: Rebuilt St. Lawrence Jewry, London1680: St. Clement Danes, at Strand, London1682: Christ Church College Bell Tower, Oxford, UK1695: Royal Hospital Chelsea, with John Soane1696-1715: Greenwich Hospital, Greenwich, UK Architectural Style Classical: Christopher Wren was familiar with the 1st Century Roman architect Vitruvius and the Renaissance thinker Giacomo da Vignola, who outlined Vitruviuss ideas in The Five Orders of Architecture. Wrens first buildings were inspired by the classical works of English architect Inigo Jones.Baroque: Early in his career, Wren traveled to Paris, studied French baroque architecture, and met the Italian Baroque architect Gianlorenzo Bernini. Christopher Wren used baroque ideas with classical restraint. His style influenced Georgian architecture in England and the American colonies. Scientific Achievements Christopher Wren was trained as a mathematician and scientist. His research, experiments, and inventions won the praise of the great scientists Sir Isaac Newton and Blaise Pascal. In addition to many important mathematical theories, Sir Christopher: built a transparent beehive to help study beesinvented a weather clock similar to the barometerinvented an instrument for writing in the darkdeveloped improvements in the telescope and the microscopeexperimented with injecting fluids into the veins of animals, laying the groundwork for successful blood transfusionconstructed a detailed model of the moon Awards and Achievements 1673: Knighted1680: Founded the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge. Served as president from 1680 to 1682.1680, 1689 and 1690: Served as a Member of Parliament for Old Windsor Quotes Attributed to Sir Christopher Wren A time will come when men will stretch out their eyes. They should see planets like our Earth. Architecture has its political Use; public buildings being the ornament of a country; it establishes a nation, draws people and commerce; makes the people love their native country, which passion is the origin of all great actions in a Commonwealth...architecture aims at eternity. In things to be seen at once, much variety makes confusion, another vice of beauty. In things that are not seen at once, and have no respect one to another, great variety is commendable, provided this variety transgress not the rules of optics and geometry. Sources Architecture Buildings. Royal Hospital Chelsea, 2019. Barozzi da Vignola, Giacomo. Canon of the Five Orders of Architecture. Dover Architecture, 1st edition, Dover Publications, February 15, 2012. Christopher Wren 1632–1723. Oxford Reference, 2019. Geometry quotes. MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland, February 2019. Geraghty, Anthony. The Architectural Drawings of Sir Christopher Wren at All Souls College, Oxford: A Complete Catalogue. Reinterpreting Classicism: Culture, Reaction Appropriation, Lund Humphries, December 28, 2007. Greenwich Hospital. Great Buildings, 2013. Jardine, Lisa. On a Grander Scale: The Outstanding Life of Sir Christopher Wren. Hardcover, 1 Edition, Harper, January 21, 2003. Schofield, John. St Pauls Cathedral: archaeology and history. 1st Edition, Oxbow Books; 1st edition, September 16, 2016. Tinniswood, Adrian. His Invention So Fertile: A Life of Christopher Wren by Adrian Tinniswood. Paperback, Pimlico, 1765. Whinney, Margaret. Wren. Paperback, Thames Hudson Ltd, May 1, 1998. Windows. St Lawrence Jewry.

8 Ways to Help Students with Dyslexia Succeed

8 Ways to Help Students with Dyslexia Succeed Homework is an important part of the school learning experience. Guidelines for homework are 20 minutes for elementary age children, 60 minutes for middle school and 90 minutes for high school. It is not unusual for students with dyslexia to take 2 to 3 times that amount of time to get their homework completed each night. When this happens, any benefit a child might derive from the extra practice and review is negated by the frustration and exhaustion they feel. While accommodations are often used in school to help students with dyslexia complete their work, this is rarely done with homework. Teachers need to be aware that it is easy to overburden and overwhelm a child with dyslexia by expecting the same amount of homework to be completed in the same amount of time as the students without dyslexia.The following are suggestions to share with general education teachers when giving homework: Outline assignments Write the homework assignment on the board early in the day. Set aside a portion of the board that is free of other writing and use the same spot each day. This gives students plenty of time to copy the assignment into their notebook. Some teachers provide alternate ways for students to get homework assignments: A bulk email is sent to all students, or their parents, listing the homework assignmentAn online calendar lists homework assignmentsThe classroom telephone message is changed each morning to reflect the homework assignments. Students can call the classroom to get the assignmentStudents with dyslexia, ADHD or other learning differences are paired with another student who checks the students notebook to make sure the homework assignment was written correctlyForm a homework chain. Each student writes the name of two other students in the front of their notebook who they can call to ask questions about the assignment. If you must change a homework assignment because a lesson was not covered, give students plenty of time to amend their notebooks to reflect the change. Be sure each student understands the new assignment and knows what to do. Explain the reasons for the homework There are a few different purposes for homework: practice, review, previewing upcoming lessons and to expand knowledge of a subject. The most common reason for homework is to practice what has been taught in class but sometimes a teacher asks the class to read a chapter in a book so it can be discussed the following day or a student is expected to study and review for an upcoming test. When teachers explain not only what the homework assignment is but why it is being assigned, the student can more easily focus on the task. Use less homework more frequently Rather than assigning a large amount of homework once per week, assign a few problems each night. Students will retain more information and be better prepared to continue the lesson each day. Let students know how homework will be graded Will they receive a checkmark simply for completing the homework, will wrong answers be counted against them, will they receive corrections and feedback on written assignments? Students with dyslexia and other learning disabilities work better when they know what to expect. Allow students with dyslexia to use a computer This helps to compensate for spelling errors and illegible handwriting. Some teachers allow students to complete an assignment on the computer and then email it directly to the teacher, eliminating lost or forgotten homework assignments. Reduce the number of practice questions Is it imperative to complete every question to receive the benefits of practicing skills or can the homework be reduced to every other question or the first 10 questions? Individualize homework assignments to make sure a student gets enough practice but isnt overwhelmed and will not be spending hours each night working on homework. Remember: Dyslexic Students Work Hard Keep in mind that students with dyslexia work hard each day just to keep up with the class, sometimes working much harder than other students just to complete the same amount of work, leaving them mentally exhausted. Reducing homework gives them time to rest and rejuvenate and be ready for the next day at school. Set time limits for homework Let the students and their parents know that after a certain amount of time working on homework the student may stop. For example, for a young child, you may set 30 minutes for assignments. If a student works hard and only completes half of the assignment in that time, the parent may indicate the time spent on homework and initial the paper and allow the student to stop at that point. Specially-designed Instruction When all else fails, contact your students parents, schedule an IEP meeting and write new SDIs to support your students struggling with homework. Remind your general education partners to protect the confidentiality of students who need accommodations to homework. Learning disabled children may already have low self-esteem and feel as if they dont fit in with other students. Drawing attention to accommodations or modifications to homework assignments can further damage their self-esteem. Sources:Â   A Dyslexic Child in the Classroom, 2000, Patricia Hodge, Dyslexia.comEffects of Instruction in an Assignment Completion Strategy on the Homework Performance of Students with Learning Disabilities in General Education Classes, 2002, Charles A.Hughes, Kathly L.Ruhl, Teaching LD Newsletter,Volume 17, Issue 1

Research paper on the death penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research paper on the death penalty - Essay Example Whether or not it is cruel is not definable by law. It can only be defined by the collective social conscious of a culture. The legal interpretation of ‘cruel and unusual’ is somewhat open to debate but in general, the term ‘cruel’ refers to brutal punishments that cause excessive pain. Most legal experts agree that punishments including bodily dismemberment or torture are undoubtedly classified as cruel. Again, terminologies are open to interpretation as evidenced by the current debate at the highest level of government involving the definition of torture. The term ‘unusual’ is commonly understood to define the equitable application of punishment for a particular offense. For example, if ten people were cited for speeding and nine of them were fined $100 but one was fined $1000, this penalty would be considered ‘unusual.’ Taken together, both ‘cruel’ and ‘unusual’ indicate that the punishment should be exa cted in proportion to the offense committed. A life term in prison is an acceptable form of punishment but if it were imposed for jaywalking, this would be an unacceptable sentence because it would be considered excessive given the severity of the offense. Excessive is also open to wide interpretation in both the public and legal realm. Some would argue, for example, that imprisonment of any amount of time for ‘crimes’ such as gambling, prostitution and the possession of drugs should be interpreted as excessive therefore ‘unusual.’ The Supreme Court has on several occasions dealt with judging the merits of the death penalty and whether or not it is interpreted by the Constitution as punishment which is cruel and unusual. The Court has always ruled the terminology of the Eighth Amendment does not exclude the implementation of death as punishment. The Constitution is a malleable document, however. The interpretation of the Eighth Amendment has evolved somewhat throughout the years and the Court

Modern Design HistoryMiddle ages inspiration Term Paper

Modern Design HistoryMiddle ages inspiration - Term Paper Example His carriers advance before world war and after world war by the recommendation of his master he appointed as master in 1919. At this old age he become world famous by Bauhaus. From this time he designed famous door handles (become icon of twentieth century) and large scale housing projects. Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin was an English architect designer remembered by his works on Churches and as design theorist. On his school days he started his talents in design and 15th age went to work and also works as freelance designer. In 17th of his age started small business and after this many books were published. He became an advocate of Christian firm of architecture and on that time by the book Contracts, he group an ideal society by modern secular culture. He designed and refurnished Catholic churches and express his view by become the principal of Christian architecture. Within his limited age of 39 years he designed famous Parliament buildings, railway cottages and other famous works and become world famous. John Ruskin at his college time he reenrolled as gentlemen commoner and then awarded honorary fourth class degree without attending so many days in class.

Country analysis - i pick TURKEY for this paper Term

Country analysis - i pick TURKEY for this - Term Paper Example This includes lucrative companies and banking sector, this explains the socialist part of the economy. In one word reference to the Turkish economy one can refer to it as a socialist economy or a mixed one. The Turkish government employed the pursuance of etatism as a way of connecting capitalism and socialism (Kinzer 142). The government identifies some of the critical businesses to be left in the hand of private owner and venture into them as the service or products providers. Considering that turkey is developed or undeveloped may be very complex, this is because the country is divided into two in terms of development. Therefore making reference to the whole country might no be accurate. The western part of the country is ten folds as developed as south eastern part of the country which is dominated by the Kurds. Despite of all these, one can still refer to Turkey as a special developing country. In terms of the economy, the Turkish economy according to IMF is an emerging market d ue to the rapid opportunities that blossoms in the economy with the private sector rapidly developing. The country’s GDP is $1.116 Trillion by 2010; this comes with a whooping GDP growth rate of +9.0% in the same year (OI?nisI, Ziya, and Barry 133). The country’ GDP per capita was in the same year $10,106 (nominal) and 15,340 being ppp. Inflation in the country is % 10.43 (OI?nisI, Ziya, and Barry 144). ... s in the country are clearly separated with council of the ministers exercising the executive powers and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey is vested with enactment of legislations. The electoral calendar in the country has a cycle of 5 years and is strictly based on universal suffrage. The current population in Turkey is about 7o million with the projection having it that by 2025, the population of the country will be about 90 million (OI?nisI, Ziya, and Barry 176). Of the population, majority of them are young with only about 6 % of the population constituting those of 65 years and above. The country has enormous labor force estimated to be about 25.64 million within the country and about another 1.2 million working abroad (UI?nay 156). The official language in the country is Turkish; well over 90% of the 71.1 million citizens of the country are well versed with the language. Other forms of language that exist include Kurdish, attracting about 6%, Arabic is also found in the cou ntry will the loyal of about 1.2%. Circassian is also spoken by about 0.09% (UI?nay 186). The main religion in turkey that attracts close to 77% of the population is the Islamic; the remaining percentage is unequally shared with the other faiths. In turkey the average education attainment is the high school with substantial number of students attending the 167 public universities in the country, majority of the students attends the public schools with the proportion standing at 95% (Financial Times Business 23). At primary level, almost all the student enrolls and the percentage attendance is almost 100%. This number transcends to high school where about 1.5 million high school student graduate annually from high school to the tertiary collages. Family income on the other hand is about 42

Analysis highlighting the relationship of marketing theory to Essay

Analysis highlighting the relationship of marketing theory to marketing practice - Essay Example ding, with universities offering courses on "Entrepreneurship" and "Small Business Management" in their curriculum, so as to inculcate the desire and the interest of the students to start their own ventures when they graduate, and associations supporting entrepreneurs springing up, to help in funding and other networking contacts needed to do business. (Mpofu, 2007) Entrepreneurship is the concept of initiative taking by a person, with the acceptance of all the risks and rewards, by capitalizing on an opportunity which was unseen by the rest. The idea is great, since it brings together the uniqueness of thoughts as well as the creativity of the common man to the front end, and helps in the start up of business, where the man is his own boss, and with no one to regulate the decision making process, or the ultimate decisions taken. (Gundry, 2007) Marketing is also one of the oldest and the most creative disciplines in the field of business. Marketing is about making such a lucrative offer to the customer that they cannot help but buy the product you are selling. The marketing done by an entrepreneur is slightly different from the marketing done by any large, established business. But that is what the theory says. Let us examine the relationship between the marketing theory and marketing practice of an entrepreneurs marketing. (Kerin, 2004) The entrepreneur chosen for this report is Mr. Boston Rift, who has opened an entrepreneurial venture by the name of "Book your Books". He has booked small stalls, or shops within the premises of four renowned business universities of the city. And his business is to supply the students with the books that they need for each semester, freeing them up of the hassle to go to this faraway wholesale book market and buy it. Every academic year in each university has two semesters, Spring and Fall. And every semester, on an average, a student has 6 courses that he has to study. Every teacher prescribes a book to be bought for the

1111 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

1111 - Essay Example In the study, directed by Susan D. Moeller, a professor of journalism as Maryland University, 200 students were asked to give up their electronic gadget for 24 hours. The students were unwilling to give up their electronic gadgets and they only did so unwillingly because they had to oblige to their teachers’ request. In the study, it was observed that most of the 200 students who took part in the study seemed traumatised by the experience of giving up their digital devices. In response to their experiences for the 24 hours that they remained without their digital gadgets, the students expressed various experiences about how they felt alienated and disconnected from the world or from their friends and relatives. This study showed that media influences people’s decisions in various ways. To begin with, in this study, it was found that the majority of American students are really addicted to media. This is because describing their feelings when they have to abstain from using media requires using the terms that are used to describe other forms of addictions; these terms include withdraw, frantic cravings, anxiety, jittery, crazy, miserable, and extremely antsy ( Maasik and Solomon, 2003 ). For this reason, therefore, media influences the decisions of people in a significant way through making people addicted to it. Once one is addicted to media, his/her decisions in life will be inclined or based on their objects of addiction, i.e. media. That is why we learn in this study the students who participated in this study unanimously expressed the view that they felt isolated from life when they abstained from using their digital gadgets. Secondly, we learn in this study that for the majority of the students who took part in the study, abstaining from using media meant losing their personal connections; for the students, electronic gadgets are their links to the world and abstaining from using digital gadgets, therefore,

Classic Galactosemia disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Classic Galactosemia disease - Essay Example The total or nearly total deficiency of the GALT enzyme threatens life, and if not treated, a patient may develop complications such as sepsis, liver failure, mental retardation, or even death. Several mutations that cause this disease are common in people with G/G genotype of the classic galactosemia (Williams & Wilkins 563). The real name of this gene is galactokinase 1. The GALKI gene gives instructions for making galctokinase 1 enzyme. This enzyme is responsible for enabling the body to process galactose, a simple sugar present in almost all dairy products and numerous baby formulas (Leonard 101). Over 20 mutations in the GALKI gene are present in patients with galactosemia. Most of the mutations alter the amino acids in galctokinase or delete some genetic material from the GALKI gene leading to an unsteady or inactive form of this enzyme. Classic galactosemia is a genetic disorder resulting from mutations in the GALT gene. Persons must inherit two harmful copies of this gene, at least one from each parent. Whereas over 170 mutations that cause diseases have been identified to cause classical galactosemia of the genotype GG, only a few have been commonly reported. They include: This mutation accounts to approximately 54 to 70% of the alleles in the classic galactosemia. S135L is the pathogenic mutation that is most reported in African Americans, making about 50% of the distorted alleles of the total population. In Eastern Europe, K285N mutation is accounts for only 8% of the classic galacttosemia in the general population in Europe (Leonard 102). The D mutation is reportedly present in the United States with only 5% of the whole population. Enzyme activity is almost 50%of usual DD homozygote and is adequate such that these people do not have biochemical or clinical characteristics of glactosemia. Duarte galactosemia or sometimes called DG compound heterozygote express noticeably limited enzyme activity of close to 25%

1111 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

1111 - Essay Example In the study, directed by Susan D. Moeller, a professor of journalism as Maryland University, 200 students were asked to give up their electronic gadget for 24 hours. The students were unwilling to give up their electronic gadgets and they only did so unwillingly because they had to oblige to their teachers’ request. In the study, it was observed that most of the 200 students who took part in the study seemed traumatised by the experience of giving up their digital devices. In response to their experiences for the 24 hours that they remained without their digital gadgets, the students expressed various experiences about how they felt alienated and disconnected from the world or from their friends and relatives. This study showed that media influences people’s decisions in various ways. To begin with, in this study, it was found that the majority of American students are really addicted to media. This is because describing their feelings when they have to abstain from using media requires using the terms that are used to describe other forms of addictions; these terms include withdraw, frantic cravings, anxiety, jittery, crazy, miserable, and extremely antsy ( Maasik and Solomon, 2003 ). For this reason, therefore, media influences the decisions of people in a significant way through making people addicted to it. Once one is addicted to media, his/her decisions in life will be inclined or based on their objects of addiction, i.e. media. That is why we learn in this study the students who participated in this study unanimously expressed the view that they felt isolated from life when they abstained from using their digital gadgets. Secondly, we learn in this study that for the majority of the students who took part in the study, abstaining from using media meant losing their personal connections; for the students, electronic gadgets are their links to the world and abstaining from using digital gadgets, therefore,

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reaction paper - Essay Example He himself admits that Zyklon B had been used for delousing and as claimed, 95% of the gas had been to address infectation problems leaving only 5% to kill people. The real question redounds to the verity of the extermination of over 4 million Jews in the Holocaust as proliferated in hundreds of books. The revisionist view definitely stimulates critical thinking and appreciation of the facts as presented. If indeed Cole is correct in saying that there had been no extermination and that we had all been victims of Soviet deception and of exaggerated number and facts then the truth continues to be beyond our grasp. I guess much like everyone else, we had been emotionally invested in the gruesome stories of the holocaust which makes for a riveting story. But a good story and the truth are two different things. The search for the truth is perhaps among the most difficult endeavor to take. History can dependent and subjective. Cole’s allegation that Rudolf Franz Ferdinand Hoess had been tortured to admit to the killings through gas chambers and his subsequent execution in Auschwitz after the Nuremberg Trial is but a farce which had fooled everybody. If this were true, then the concept of justice as we know it must be reconsidered.

Marketing analysis of internet portal Sulekha.com

Marketing analysis of internet portal Sulekha.com Sulekha.com is a groundbreaking site for multiple reasons, one of them being that, it is a completely member-contributed website; almost all of its 500,000+ pages of content are contributed by tens of thousands of Indians from over 50 countries. It is best place to blog, to interact and to make friends. Sulekha has blogs, social networking, classifieds, events, yellow pages, among other services and has definitely come a long way in a short span of time. It is the leading provider of integrated online event promotion and management, membership and fundraising services to offline organizations. It has served more than 500 advertisers in more than 10 business domains and helped meet their marketing and sales objectives. Sulekha has become a highly sought-after online advertising medium because of its unparalleled reach, unprecedented targeting (by age, gender, city, sub-ethnicity and income) and integrated offline/online promotions. Today, Sulekha serves an exponentially growing online and mobile member base of 6.2 million in over 50 cities in India, US and elsewhere as the: (a)Most popular online/mobile provider of YP business search results to users and business leads to small to medium business advertisers and merchants (b)Most popular online/mobile provider of classifieds in the broadest range of categories (c)Most popular social media site offering largest events/opinions/reviews in targeted domains. More Indians use Sulekha.com than any other source online or offline to find local businesses and interact and transact with each other for the broadest range of needs all across India, US and elsewhere. Sulekha.coms assets include: The largest listing of general Classifieds. The most comprehensive and accurate Yellow Pages business listings in India. The largest number of Small to Medium Business advertisers in the online/mobile space. The largest base of member-generated content amongst Indian sites that spurs local commerce. A sophisticated and scalable mobile/online platform that serves millions of users on a daily basis. Sulekha.com continues to rapidly expand its user and customer base both through its own sales force and through a growing network of prominent alliances with major mobile and online partners such as Reliance, Vodafone, Airtel, Spice, Sify and othersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.making the use of Classifieds and Local Search easy and ubiquitous. Every business that is listed on Sulekha yellow Pages has its own profile page, where in people can add information about that business, pictures, work hours, map coordinates and contact details. From the profile page visitors are given an option to either call the business or send a free text message to the business. Visitors can at anytime save the information about the business on their phone from the website. Since its inception Sulekha has developed many applications for mobile platforms and for social networking platforms such as Facebook. The Facebook applications include a restaurant finder and an application to browse through Classifieds. They have also developed an application for the Nokia N97 which allows the user to browse through all the services offered by the company. It is a fully funded company, headquartered in Austin (Texas, US) and with operations in US and India. The website has not advertised on TV in India to date as we always felt there would be a lot of wastage in reaching an audience that is not yet on online.Sulekha.com has been recognized as one of the Top Six Largest Internet Media Portals in India and a pioneer in marrying community and commerce in a distinctive manner. BUSINESS MODEL Launching a Web-based start-up had to be either an act of sheer bravado or the result of a carefully conceived business plan. Satya Prabhakar was banking on the latter, but in effect, he fit into the former category. For, the dotcom bubble had burst and portals were not considered the promised route to success. Yet, Prabhakar persisted.. He quit his well-paying job with ATT in the US, put in his savings and investments worth $25,000, and set up sulekha.com at 37. Sulekha was a dream of setting up an online community for Indians worldwide that took shape when he was employed, and the conviction of its success saw him actually write the code for the site. He turned his vocation to occupation despite the risks involved and the misgivings of the people around him. When Im 55, I dont want to regret not having done something, he justifies his move. Its also his business philosophy. He attributes it to the concept of regret minimisation framework coined by Jeff Bezos, the founder of amazon.com. Another influence for Prabhakar has been Paulo Coelhos The Alchemist, a tale about following ones dream and finding out what one is capable of. Whats the worst that could have happened? he asks. If this venture had failed, I knew I could have gone back to a job. As for the familys responsibility, Prabhakar was unfazed because he had kept aside sufficient funds to last them at least a year. True to his conviction, Sulekha soon took on a life of its own. The next logical step was to set up a space where buyers and sellers could meet. So the classifieds version of Sulekha was born and it took about two-and-a-half years for the site to break even. About an year or so after this, Prabhakar began thinking of taking the business to India. By 2005, he had moved back home and set up headquarters in Chennai. Though the business model for the e-venture was in place, India threw up several unique challenges for Sulekha. The sheer size of the population was daunting. The other, more critical, aspect involved convincing small businesses that the Internet was not necessarily a parallel universe, but that it could be a powerful tool if it was exploited in the right manner. So, Prabhakar tweaked his model to suit the country-instead of a regular classifieds site, he sold Sulekha purely as a mechanism for gathering business leads. This means that a small business can advertise on Sulekha with the assurance of a certain number of leads being generated. A user (buyer) who goes to Sulekha is given the option of asking for a specific product or service and his contacts are then sent to the advertiser as a lead. This implies that the user is assured a veritable flood of targeted responses. What makes Sulekhas Indian business model unique is that the advertisers largely small businesses have literally nothing to do online. They pay for the leads-Sulekha could be a skywriting site for all that it matters to them. Theres absolutely no commerce conducted online, so there are no security issues. As Prabhakar says, all he really needed to have in place was a crack sales team. They (people) are my real assets. Everything else that sulekha.com owns can fit into a hard disk, he says. So while recruiting, he looks for people with the right attitude: those who regard problems as challenges and enjoy their work. However, reactions took time to convert into revenue. It was three years before Sulekha broke even, but there has been no looking back since then. From Rs 50,000 worth of business that was transacted in a month initially, the site has moved on to making at least twice this amount in a day. The company has offices in five cities across the country-Bangalore, Chennai, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Delhi-and plans to open more. Today, Sulekha is what Prabhakar always wanted it to be: Not just a site that people love to visit, but a site that people have to visit. Authoritarianism obviously pays. Users are happy with Sulekha, which gets a large number of repeat visitors, according to Prabhakar. But the portals success has given rise to innumerable rumours. When you attain a certain size, theres nothing people can do except talk, he says. While they are talking, he is moving into different media, including mobile phones. The bottom line is clear: Prabhakar wants Sulekha to be everyones default option. Sulekha.com is succeeding today by identifying and firmly establishing first-mover leadership role in multiple areas, and by managing its resources smartly and is preparing to launch the first Indian electronic bookstore aimed at selling downloadable content to end-users. It has won unanimous praise from numerous Indian and foreign media for its unique approach and commercial success. REVENUE MODEL: Sulekha derives its revenues in India through a performance guaranteed response model through which they have served a customer base of nearly 20,000 SMB customers and hundreds of major brands. Sulekha.com continues to rapidly expand its user and customer base both through its own sales force and through a growing network of prominent alliances with major mobile and online partners such as Vodafone, Reliance, Sify and others, making the use of Classifieds and Local Search easy and ubiquitous. Sulekha, which drives its revenues primarily from businesses, instead of the end consumers, is working out plans to rope in more channel partners who will drive online traffic to the websites. The company which recently launched its assured advertising solution for small business, aims to attract about 50,000 businesses to advertise in the portal by the end of the year. The company is giving advertisers the guarantee to succeed, and if an advertiser feel that his target of getting a certain number of responses has not been met, Sulekha.com is assuring to run the same advertisement till they met the business demand. CUSTOMER VALUE PROPOSITION User-generated content, focus on the social media targeted at specifically Indians and on generating a revenue with local commerce within the community has been the unique value proposition (UVP) for Sulekha.com according to Sulekha.com co-founder and CEO Satya Prabhakar. Sulekha.com has now migrated and replicated there success in the online space to the mobile platform by providing services classifieds as well as mobile blogging in the current months. They want to expand by offerings, by creating more alliances with print media and mobile service providers. Sulekha realizes this goal in a profitable manner by creating a flexible and powerful interactive platform that connects Indians worldwide through a variety of popular and powerful services. Here are some concrete examples of how they do it: Social Capital: Sulekha provides the most popular platform for expression and discussions (articles/columns, Coffeehouse, Weblogs) that allows exchange of thoughts and opinions. Sulekha has helped raised over $1 million / Rs. 5 crores for hundreds of cultural and charitable organizations in promoting and selling tickets for their funds and events. Economic Capital: Sulekha runs the most popular online classifieds service in North America (and soon worldwide) that allows for the exchange of products and services among Indians. Also, Sulekha has also started a fund, collected. Political Capital: Sulekha provides a powerful platform for Indian organizations worldwide to promote and find support for petitions advocating their causes. The Smart Techie magazine has released a list of Top 25 most promising internet companies in India. The list includes BigAdda(social networking), Yatra.com(travel), Zapak(gaming), and Sulekha.com(local commerce). CONCLUSION: Some of the trends for the coming year as predicted by Sulekha.com show that: The ability to target online users by geography has improved, and its a lot cheaper now. Local advertisers can now be sure that only local eyeballs will see their ad. One can develop a reputation very quickly online, adding to his credibility and opening more doors for themselves all without setting foot outside the house. Witnessing tremendous response from tier-II cities for local business search online, we feel that these cities in a very short span of time will engulf the online space. The online space will also see frenzied activity with Marketers tightening their purse strings with a lot of stress on creative experimentation. Corporate houses, big and small will look at diversification in a big way ways to synergize or differentiate their value offering to the end consumer. Small business will continue to grow and are expected to embrace technology more in the future due to the sheer economic viability attached to this medium. Innovation will become a benchmark to leverage and sustain customer interest and loyalty. Apart from the online space, innovation in the mobile space will be tremendous with mobile commerce becoming a key platform for business convergence after the opening up of 3G networks. AWARD WON BY SULEKHA: PC World(June 2008) rated Sulekha.com the Best Local Search Site in India. MSN (July 2008) rated Sulekha.com the Best WAP Site in India for Local Commerce. CNBC (Oct 2008): Sulekha.comà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the largest online Classifieds and Yellow Pages in India. Venture Beat(May 2008): A merger between Facebook and Craigslist may seem like a pipe dream but in India its already happening. The web community Sulekha has quickly grown to become Indias largest user-generated content siteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦with 6 million members Financial Times(UK): Sulekha.comà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the worlds largest online Indian communityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦is extraordinarily sticky some visitors call it addictiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦

Essay --

Ghana is a country located on the west coast of Africa, the Gold Coast. Known for having the best oil reserves in the world, Ghana’s other exports such as timber, diamond, manganese, cocoa, gold, and bauxite are what feed the country’s economy. The main source of aluminum comes from the aluminum ore, Bauxite. Bauxite was first discovered by Sir Albert Kitson in the year 1914. Although found in 1914, it took 14 years for the mining of Bauxite was allowed by the British Aluminum Company, this mining took place at Awaso. The British original source of bauxite was France until they’re supply was caught off during World War II. Once again, after being given the â€Å"ok† to begin mining, it took until the 1940s, when a railroad was built connecting Awaso with a port in Takowardi, for Ghana to actually begin the mining of Bauxite.in 1974, Ghana received 55% of the British Aluminum Companies shares and in the same year, the International Bauxite Association accepted Ghana as member. The purpose of the International Bauxite Association association was to logically maintain and promote the trade and development of the bauxite industry. In 1941 the Ghana Bauxite Company began working on the mining site in Awaso and has been ever since. It is said that the site in Awaso, after all these years of mining, has reserves of Bauxite to last over 3 more decades. In other areas of Ghana including regions of Ejuanema, Nyinahin, and Kibi,, there are some reserves that are said to be capable of lasting over a century. These reserves are capable of lasting for such long periods of time due to the majority of mining that occurs at Awaso. Ghana’s first president, Kwame Nikrumah, had dreams of industrializing the country in order make forward strides toward a m... ... to the local levels? These regions suffered severely due to the degradation of air, water and the environment due to mining activities. These areas gain nothing from the mining of bauxite. Living conditions in these areas have nearly deteriorated. With all of the pollution from the mining there have been many health impacts on the societies that surround these mining areas such as skin diseases and malaria. With all of the production it would be expected that there would be many job opportunities but all of the mining generated no employment. Between 1992 and 1998 over 1,000 jobs were lost in the Tarkwa mining region. Next to farming, Mining is the most important aspect of Ghana’s foundation. Bauxite mining had huge economic and social impacts on Ghana. Although some were more negative than others, it is apparent how important the mining had been to the nation.

What is Special Education? Essay -- Education Educating Teaching Essay

Before covering the main idea behind how technology can enhance learning of special students, it is important to discuss what qualifies a student as ?special?. Special Education is identified as, ?the education of children who deviate socially, mentally, or physically from the average to such an extent that they require major modifications of usual school practices,? (Encyclopedia Britannica Online, 2005, p.1). According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997, ?students with disabilities include those with mental retardation, hearing impairments, speech or language impairments, visual impairments, serious emotional disturbance, orthopedic impairments, autism, other health impairments, or specific learning disabilities,? (Warger, 1999, p.1). Since there are so many different types of disabilities, each student needs to be assessed to determine the best type of learning environment for them (Ralabate, 2002, p. 13-14). This is a very important part of help ing special education students from the very beginning of their education. With the right leadership from teachers, and knowing what works best with teaching each unique student, they can reach their full potential in learning. Inclusion ?Children who learn together, learn to live together? (Renaissance Group, 1999, p.1). Resurfacing the issue of different teaching methods in Special Education, many schools educate students in an Inclusive environment. Inclusion refers to the placement and participation of students with special needs into a general education environment such as classrooms and extra curricular programs (Lewis & Doorlag, 1999, p.5). Many find the use of inclusion in schools very beneficial to both special and general education ... ....gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=Thesaurus&_nfls=false This an online ERIC thesaurus defining assistive technology. ?Special education.? Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online. 2005. This is an online encyclopedia definition of special education. Internet Resources Internet for Education. (2005). Retrieved on April 27, 2005 from http://www.vts.rdn.ac.uk/tutorial/education?sid=4740639&op=preview&manifestid=82&itemid=7126 This site contains information on the ways the internet can enhance education. Renaissance Group. (1999, October, 14). Inclusive Education. Retrieved April 20, 2005 from http://www.uni.edu/coe/inclusion/ . This site contains a lot of current information concerning the importance, philosophy, and future of education in an inclusive environment.

Syllabus Psy310

Copyright  ©2012, 2010, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description The purpose of this course is to familiarize the student with the various methods of inquiry, terminologies, and theoretical systems that comprise the history of psychology. A broader view is used to introduce the modern era of psychology and its use. These include: structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt, behaviorism, psychoanalysis, and phenomenological/existential approaches.Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. †¢ Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. I f you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Goodwin, C. J. (2008). A history of modern psychology (3rd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: Psychology in Historical Perspective: Early Developments | |The Mind/Body Relationships of Psychology | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives |Examine the roots in early philosophy that lead to modern psychology. | | | |Identify major philosophers in the western tradition that were primary contributors to the | | | | |formation of psychology as a discipline. | | | | |Explore the development of the science of psychology during the 19th century. | | | | |Examine the historical elements of the study of the physical body and brain in antiquity. | | | |Describe major developments in medicine and biological studies that contributed to the early | | | | |field of psychology. | | | | |Identify major historical steps toward the mapping of brain structures that are associated | | | | |with behavioral processes. | | | |Reading |Read Ch. of A History of Modern Psychology. |Finish by Wed. |0 | |Reading |Read Ch. 2 of A History of Modern Psychology. |Finish by |0 | | | |Fri. | | |Reading |Read Ch. 3 of A History of Modern Psychology. |Finish by |0 | | | |Sun. | | |Reading |Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Finish by |0 | | | |Mon. | | |Participation |Participate in class discussion. |Submit 2 posts |2 | | | |on 4 of 7 days | | | |Remember to participate in the class discussions 4 out of 7 days during the week (for | | | | |clarification see Course and Instructor Policies).Please review the What I Expect materials | | | | |in the Course Materials Forum. You may also want to review the How You Will Be Evaluated | | | | |materials to see how your participation posts will be graded. Individual posts to the Main | | | | |Forum will count towards your class participation score. | | | |Discussi on Questions |Respond to weekly discussion questions. Wed. , Fri. , & |2 | | | |Sun. | | | |DQs will be posted in the Main Forum. Please review the What I Expect materials in the Course| | | | |Materials Forum. You may also want to review the How You Will Be Evaluated materials to see | | | | |how your discussion questions will be graded. | | |Individual |Check into the class. Prepare for the course by reading all of the posts in the Course |Tues. , 10/30/12|0 | |Check Into Class |Materials Forum, the Main Forum, and the Chat Forum. Download the syllabus, instructor | | | | |policies and course assignment calendar. Post a reply to the Check-in thread in the Main | | | | |Forum, under the thread Getting Organized.Please indicate that you have read the following:| | | | | | | | | |You have read the syllabus and instructor policies documents and understand what is required | | | | |in this course. | | | |You have read all the materials I posted in the Course Materials Forum, the Main F orum, and | | | | |the Chat Forum. | | | | |You understand and agree to the participation requirements. | | | |Individual |Post your personal bio to the Chat Forum. Please ensure you state what your expectations are |Wed. , 10/31/12 |0 | |Post Bio in Chat Forum |for this class.