Gilgamesh - Two-thirds God and One-third Human - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1422 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Gilgamesh Essay Did you like this example? At the start of the epic, Gilgamesh is said to be a cruel and ruthless ruler who had no regard for anyone but himself. Gilgamesh is two-thirds God and one-third human- thus being his lineage, he believes as if nobody is equal or above him. On Tablet two, a man said to Enkidu, He will couple with the wife-to-be, / he first of all, the bridegroom after. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Gilgamesh Two-thirds God and One-third Human" essay for you Create order / By divine consent it is so ordained (pg. 15). This quote informs the readers that he would rape men wives on their wedding night. His actions forced his kingdom to resent him. In Sumerian culture, kings were expected to protect the women, not rape them. Kings were expected to act as prominent leaders and rulers. Great rulers put the safety of their people before their own. Gilgamesh was supposed to further enhance the greatness of the kingdom for the well-being of the citizens. The king should have served the people for the sake of his kingdom not help them create a manifestation of hatred within themselves to where they plot against him. Gilgamesh did not treat the civilians with respect or dignity as a king should but instead treated them harshly and like they didnt matter. The concept of heroism in Sumerian culture is all about service. Service to the kingdom and the people that live in the kingdom. A big concept in all heroic epics is The Heros Journey. The heros journey is basically the path the hero goes down to discover who they are and better themselves as a person/leader. Its all about personal growth. In Sumerian culture, there were three distinct qualities that they valued in a hero: bravery, strength, and wisdom. In the poem, the Sumerian Gods are described as all powerful and are to be worshipped. The Sumerians believe that the earth could not survive without the Gods aiding it. The Sumerians did everything in their power to try not to piss of the Gods because doing so would result in great consequences. They know that the Gods are dangerous. But they also understand that they can be quite helpful. The Gods act like careless children and live how they want too. They have their own set of rules and dont listen to anyone else. One way that the Gods intervene in human affairs was when they created Enkidu. They created him as a mirror image of Gilgamesh with the task to overpower and kill him. Another example on why the Sumerians feared the gods is because if one was to anger one of them bad things would occur. The god who brought upon the flood only created the flood to punish the humans for being too loud and not letting him rest. The story told us about Gilgameshs lineage of him being two-thirds a God and one-third human because it makes him who he is. With him being two-thirds God, Gilgamesh felt that he was superior to everyone us, thus making him a ruthless ruler. With this he felt as if he can do anything without repercussions but as this was false. With the information of him being two-thirds god, the readers are given insight to why Gilgamesh is the way he is. Why he acts the way he acts and thinks the way he thinks. This affects his character a great deal because with him thinking this way, he goes down a dark path. He hurts his people and does not act as a good ruler should. One way this affects his character is by him raping women and taking their virtue on the night of their wedding. Gilgamesh was a selfish, mean person who tormented his people. Women are represented as great power and wisdom, but also great temptation and death. In the story, women appear during the heros journey, sometimes to be a guide. In other instances, they make women to be overactive, sexually, and fairly misleading. They use their bodies to seduce men so that they may control them. For example, the harlot in Tablet 1 of the Epic of Gilgamesh. She, Shamhat, is sent by Gilgamesh to Enkidu in order to gain control over this wild man named Enkidu. Shamhat lures Enkidu in, telling him: You are handsome, [Enkidu, you are like a god,]. Not long after, she seduces him, and he and she spend 6 days and 7 nights together. After this time, Enkidu is no longer just a wild man(133). He begins to learn the ways of regular men, eating bread and drinking ale Shamhat told his was fit for a god and a king. Shamhats sweet nothings and confidence-building words, soon leads Enkidu from the wilderness, the only home hes ever known, and into the city. Further down the lin e of time, he even challenges Gilgamesh, the very one who sent the harlot to Enkidu. Shamhat guided Enkidu into a new life, but not before she sexually enticed him with her body. She is a perfect representation of the concept of a woman in the ancient Sumerian culture. The flood is created by the god Enlil to destroy the earth and all the mortals that walked upon it. He felt that the humans were too loud and annoying. He grew irritated with them and wanted to punish them for it. The god Ea betrayed the other gods and warned Utnapishtim that a great danger was coming. Utnapishtim was the king of Shuruppak, which was a extremely prosperous city on the banks of the Euphrates river. Ea told Utnapishtim to build a boat and aboard it with a seed of every living thing, his family, and his possessions. The story does not state the reason to why Ea chose Utnapishtim about the flood. But one can conclude that it was because he was favored by the God as only Ea chose him not the group of gods together. One can also guess as to why Utnapishtim was chosen because Ea spoke into the reed walls of Utnapishtims castle and he overheard him talking about the disastrous flood that is coming. Enkidu is represented as Gilgameshs more reasonable and rational side. Enkidu helped Gilgamesh find his heroic side and turned him from a ruthless ruler to a hero.Enkidu was created to help balance and relax Gilgamesh. He was created by the goddess Arura from a hunk of clay in the forest. Enkidu was created to be a mirror image of Gilgamesh has in has the same strength and temper.Enkidu spoke to the harlot:/ Come, Shamhat, take me away with you/ to the sacred Holy Temple, the residence of Anu and Ishtar,/the place of Gilgamesh, who is wise to perfection,/but who struts his power over the people like a wild bull./ I will challenge him / Let me shout out in Uruk: I am the mighty one!/ Lead me in and I will change the order of things;/ he whose strength is mightiest is the one born in the wilderness! (1.196-204).Before they become bestfriends, their pride and love of power created a feud between the two. Enkidu and Gilgamesh ended up becoming best friends after and Enkidu was the protec tor of his friend on their adventures and journeys. When Enkidu dies, Giglamesh is traumatised that he lost his bestfriend but then he starts to question his own future. A crucial theme that is displayed throughout the poem is mortality. After Enkidus death, Gilgamesh trembled with fear screaming I am going to die!†am I not like Enkidu?!/ Deep sadness penetrates my core,/ I fear death, and now roam the wilderness†/I will set out to the region of Utanapishtim, son of Ubartutu, and will go with utmost dispatch! (9.2-5). Gilgamesh thought that the only way to overcome his fear was to acheive immortality. He set off to find a man who has done this and learn how he did it. Gilgamesh travels a great deal to track down the mortal man who gained immortality. Death is seen as an impending doom and nobody wants to face it. During his journey, he stumbled upon the very man he was looking for, Utnapishtim. Utnapishtim then tells him the story of the great flood and how he was given immortality. After hearing the story, Gilgamesh realized that the quality of someones life is not determined by fortune and stature, but the quality of the time he spent w ith the people around him. Humans come to terms with death when they realized that life is worth appreciating and is all about the people you love surrounding you.

The Health And Safety Plan For The Decommissioning Of...

1. The Health and Safety Plan for the decommissioning of existing plant equipment and installation of new plant equipment. Principal Contractor Principal Designer Client CDM Standards and Objectives for the Project Safety Standards and Objectives for the Project The Principal Contractor Site Safety Policy Statement 2. Summary Project Information Project Name Project Address Project Duration of works Description and Scope of Works Form of Contract Existing Environment Previous / Current Land and Plant Use Surrounding Area Existing Services Existing Structures Existing Plant Equipment Ground Conditions Existing Traffic Systems 3. Management Team Organisation and Responsibilities Management Team Function Project Organisation and†¦show more content†¦endixes should contain the following; Site Layout Site Specific Safety Induction (including site rules) Notification of Project Fire Safety Plan Emergency Procedures Project Programme Plan Design Plan Types of documents, records and general forms to be included; Access Equipment Inspection Record Forklift Truck Checklist Induction Aid Training Record Risk Assessments, safe systems of work and method statements Control of Substances Hazardous to Health and COSHH Assessments Personal Protective Equipment Issue Workplace Inspection Form Contractor Approval Questionnaire Contractor Control Documents and Records; Construction Site Inspection Checklist (Builder) Construction Site Inspection Checklist (Electrical) Contractor (Sub) Approval Questionnaire Contractor (Sub) Control Document Excavation Permit to Work General Permit to Work Good Neighbour Checklist Hot Works Permit to Work HV Electrical Isolation Permit to Work Noise Control Checklist Permit to Work in Confined Spaces Pollution Control Checklist Waste Control Checklist Health and Safety Management overview Audit Section Importance Project Plan Gantt chart High Safe Systems of Work High Risk assessments High Fire risk assessment High Method Statements High Plans of installations High Plan for external areas High Training and information High Management Meetings High Asbestos Survey High Appoint Structural Engineer for inspection of building High Health and Safety Policy Document and Arrangements PolicyShow MoreRelatedMitigation Of The Land Environment1603 Words   |  7 Pages3 (i.e. the decommissioning and abandonment ). 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The Importance Of Effective Communication †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Importance Of Effective Communication. Answer: The importance of effective communication in human life can never be overstated. A person who feels confident while speaking, and can assert his views as and when required, can lead a successful life, both in the personal as well as the professional domain. Hence, I felt that it has become extremely important to analyse my communication skills and identify any communication issues, if present me, that I need to work on (Evans et al., 2017). I have realized that effective communication skills will not only help me later in my professional life, right from getting selected in an interview to leading and managing my team at workplace, but will also help me interact effectively with my professor, friends and family members. Considering the importance of analysing my communication skills, I undertook communication self-assessment test with the help of five distinct diagnostic tests, the results and findings of which have been discussed below, along with the action plans that I need to fol low in order to overcome the identified communication issues (Leathers Eaves, 2015). The first communication diagnostic tool used by me is the Talkaholic Scale Communication Questionnaire. This specific questionnaire helps to understand if the person taking the test is a Talkaholic or not. Although the word is often used in a derogatory way, it should be remembered that a positive result in this test does imply that the individual is an effective communicator. The whole idea of the test is to determine if the speaker is able to communicate effectively in presence of others or not, and being a Talkaholic is quite different from being talkative. A Talkaholic neither uses offensive words, nor does he talk too much, but knows how to express his views and ask questions, as and when he requires to do. Accordingly, on undertaking the test, I found out that I scored 27, which implies I am moderately talkaholic. The result suggested that I communicate with people as and when required, and i do not have the tendency to engage myself in conversations, which can be avoided by me . I am not verbal that way, and prefer to remain quiet, unless the situation arises which demands me to express and exchange my views. The result also suggested that I am not capable of dominating conversations, and my apathy towards initiating conversations can also be seen as a symptom of my behavioural shyness. The second test that I undertook is called Listening Diagnostic Pre-test, which intends to evaluate the listening skills of the speaker. As it is a known fact, listening is one of the most important features characterizing the communication style of a good communicator. A person should not merely talk but necessarily be ready to embrace the perspectives of other people. Accordingly, after taking the test, I found out that I scored 75 which shows that I am not a bad listener at all, even if I am not an effective listener. I usually prefer to avoid boring speech sessions, which is quite normal for anyone. However, the results of the questionnaire clearly suggested that I put efforts to appreciate the speech and perspectives of the speaker even if he does not express views and opinions I subscribe to. Even though I may not be able to appreciate the perspectives expressed by the speaker, I never tend to get up and neither levae the conversation, nor do I feel bored in a remarkable way. I n other words, I do possess effective listening skills not merely because I remain present at the time of the speech even if I do not like it, but essentially because I actively listen to and engage myself in the conversation. Although verbal communication receives most of the attention, non-verbal communication is no less important to be considered. The way a person interacts, the gestures he uses and the body movements of him, can say much about his communication approach and style. In order to evaluate my non-verbal communication skills, I undertook the Non-verbal Immediacy Scale Self Report. As per the findings of the report, my non-verbal communication skills are perfect. I always maintain a relaxed position, never frown or exhibit any negative facial expression, that can be considered to be offensive. This test, just like the above two reports, confirmed that I have no communication issue in this field as well, as far as my body gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, postures and voice tone are concerned. It is not sufficient to be able to communicate with people and listen to them, but it is equally important to strike effective and free conversation with the people coming from foreign locations or belonging to different cultural groups. Accordingly, in order to examine my inter-cultural communication skills, I undertook the Personal Report on Intercultural Communication Apprehension (PRICA) that helps in showing the degree of intercultural competence of the student in the communication process. This is the test where I identified my first communication issue, as the findings suggested that I am not competent enough to engage in conversations that involve speakers from different cultural backgrounds of the society. Accordingly, the test showed that I feel nervous and tend to get anxious when I engage in conversation with people of distinct cultural backgrounds. The inability to understand a new language, along with lack of comprehension of understanding the cultural norms and ideolog ical beliefs of the person from an alien culture, creates anxiety in me, and my thought often gets jumbled up within, while I try to express my opinions before the person. My low score of 42 suggested that I may have problems in working in a diverse workplace owing to cross-cultural communication problems. I also undertook the Public Speaking Anxiety Test to understand if I get anxious at the time of delivering communication or not, and I scored 98, suggesting I have speech anxiety issue. After undertaking the test, I discovered that I experience intense fear and communication apprehension while or prior to delivering a presentation, and also often experience stage fright. While delivering a speech in the public, I often experience nervousness and anxiety, as I feel that I am in a subordinate position, or that the audience may critique me as well. I would like to mention here that recently I had experienced am intercultural communication problem, as I met a Japanese client at workplace. Since I belong to the Australian culture, I tend to behave in a professional way, and refrain from disclosing personal experience in a professional area. However, the client was from Asia, and having belonged to a collectivist culture, he tended to strike a conversation with me about my personal life. However, owing to my ineffective intercultural issue, I miserably failed to engage in an effective communication. Much before undertaking the anxiety assessing test, I was aware that I had public speaking anxiety. I had a nerve-wrecking presentation experience, where I had to communicate the proposed business project to my boss, and the very sight of hierarchically superior employees made me nervous. Most of the time, I murmured and stammered, and my superiors claimed that they could not make any sense of the professional presentation. Having identified the two communication issues, I have identified through the diagnostic tools, I have decided to conduct a literature review of these two communication flaws and discuss the critical perspectives of the scholars and critics. Research suggests that language difference is the major challenge impeding the smooth flow of effective communication (Fujimori et al., 2014). Even if the speaker knows the language of the listener, he still may be incapable of striking meaningful conversation as the very same word may have different meanings and implications in different cultures (Kinloch Metge, 2014). Besides, the difference in non-verbal communication approach often leaves the spake from another culture confused or even prejudiced. For example, a Latin American businessperson may tend o stand closer to his business partner while a North American businessperson will avoid the same. Again, a Chinese communicator may prefer to engage in personal conversation with his business pa rtner, but a German businessman will be offended by such non-professional conduct. Critics suggest that the inability to comprehend a foreign language and the challenges encountered in deciphering the body language and non-verbal discourse of the foreign person account for ineffective intercultural communication problem, in most of the cases (Warren, 2017). It is equally important to state here that often people experience cross-cultural communication problems simply because they develop negative stereotypes and prejudices as a result of ethnocentrism, which compels one to believe that his own culture is superior to the culture of the listener (Bochner, 2013). Once prejudices, smooth flow of effective communication will necessarily be impeded. Again, at the same time, it is also important to examine the academic literature and past researches to understand the problem of public speaking anxiety as a serious communication issue (Glassman et al., 2014). Public Speaking Anxiety, also referred to as PSA, is defined as a sense of fear panic and anxiety as experienced by the speaker while delivering speech before an audience (Priestley et al., 2015). Critics suggest that PSA commonly occurs when the speaker is well-aware that the people sitting in the audience are superior to him, in terms of position or intelligence, which creates a sense of fear and possible failure, that lead to their communication failure. 76% of the respondents in a research claimed that they experience public speech fear, and the fear of delivering speech in the public has even outranked the common fears of mice, height and visit to a dental clinic as well (Nazligul et al., 2017). Further, research has indicated that there are some common reasons behind co mmunicators experiencing public speech anxiety (Mesri et al., 2017). First of all, the communicator does not regularly require delivering a public presentation each day, and hence he often fails to communicate spontaneously on the special occasions (Castillo, 2016). Often a sense of awareness about the speakers inferior position, in terms of designation or skills impedes his ability to express his ideas openly, leading to the anxiety. Most importantly, in most of the cases, the speaker becomes unusually self-focused as he finds the audience either blankly staring at him or ignoring him, both of which affects his confidence level in a negative way. After having identified two major communication issues of mine, and having thoroughly researched about the causes and implications of the same, I have decided to adopt an effective communication plan that can help me overcome these communication challenges. My action plan comprises of the actions I am going to undertake for the coming six months. Each of these strategies have been adopted as per the SMART goals, so that each of them is specific, measurable, attainable, reliable and time-specific. I have also created a Gantt chart to explain the time-duration of each action so as to show within what time exactly I will be able to accomplish the objectives. First of all, in order to overcome the problem of poor cross-cultural communication issues, I will enrol myself in a cultural training course that is expected to boost my knowledge of the ideals and norms of the people of different cultures, and appreciate the cultural differences. However, mere training will be insufficient unless the same is accompanied by practical experience. This is exactly the reason, why I will also participate in at least three different cross-cultural communication workshops that will help in improving my cross-cultural communication experience, as I will be made to interact with people of different cultures and my communication approach will be supervised by the communication experts (Samovar et al., 2014). Above all, the inability to understand a foreign language often impedes effective cross-cultural communication, and hence I will alos enrols myself in some foreign language learning courses. Since it is impossible for me to develop knowledge regarding al l the international languages, I will enrol myself in some of the specific language learning courses such as Spanish, French and Russian, which are relevant to my business needs. Next, in order to address the problem of my public speaking anxiety, I have chalked a few strategies which have been discussed here. First of all, I will join a public speech class that will provide me practical strategies to speak more confidently before the public. Next, I will practice delivering speech at home, by writing a script, and practicing the speech before the mirror and few of my close friends and family members. I will ask them to evaluate my communication approach and point out, any flaw, if any. I will observe my own gestures, body languages and body movements in the mirror that will help me in self-evaluation as well. I will also read books about public speech that will help to inspire me and boost my confidence in delivering speech before the live audience. I will buy and read books like Eloquence in Public Speaking by Dr. Kenneth McFarland (Panayiotou et al., 2017). Action Plan (Gantt Chart): Action Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Cultural Training Course Cross-cultural Communication Workshops Foreign Language Learning Courses Public Speech Class Practice Speech Delivery at Home Buy and Read Inspirational Books References Bochner, S. (Ed.). (2013).Cultures in contact: Studies in cross-cultural interaction(Vol. 1). Elsevier. Castillo, L. O. (2016).Colored Visuals: Their Implications to Public Speaking Anxiety(Doctoral dissertation). Evans, D. R., Hearn, M. T., Uhlemann, M. R., Ivey, A. E. (2017).Essential interviewing: A programmed approach to effective communication. Nelson Education. Fujimori, M., Shirai, Y., Asai, M., Kubota, K., Katsumata, N., Uchitomi, Y. (2014). Effect of communication skills training program for oncologists based on patient preferences for communication when receiving bad news: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of clinical oncology,32(20), 2166-2172. Glassman, L. H., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Bradley, L. E., Izzetoglu, M., Ruocco, A. C., Goldstein, S. P. (2014). Near-infrared spectroscopic assessment of in vivo prefrontal activation in public speaking anxiety: A preliminary study.Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice,1(3), 271. Kinloch, P., Metge, J. (2014).Talking past each other: problems of cross cultural communication. Victoria University Press. Leathers, D. G., Eaves, M. (2015).Successful nonverbal communication: Principles and applications. Routledge. Mesri, B., Niles, A. N., Pittig, A., LeBeau, R. T., Haik, E., Craske, M. G. (2017). Public speaking avoidance as a treatment moderator for social anxiety disorder.Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry,55, 66-72. Nazligul, M. D., Yilmaz, M., Gulec, U., Gozcu, M. A., OConnor, R. V., Clarke, P. M. (2017, September). Overcoming Public Speaking Anxiety of Software Engineers Using Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy. InEuropean Conference on Software Process Improvement(pp. 191-202). Springer, Cham. Panayiotou, G., Karekla, M., Georgiou, D., Constantinou, E., Paraskeva-Siamata, M. (2017). Psychophysiological and self-reported reactivity associated with social anxiety and public speaking fear symptoms: Effects of fear versus distress.Psychiatry Research. Priestley, J., Moghaddam, N., Dawson, D. (2015). ACT for public speaking anxiety: a case series study of effects on self-reported, implicit, Imaginal and in-vivo performance outcomes. Samovar, L. A., Porter, R. E., McDaniel, E. R., Roy, C. S. (2014).Intercultural communication: A reader. Cengage Learning. Warren, T. L. (2017).Cross-cultural Communication: Perspectives in theory and practice. Routledge.

The Symbolic Meanings of Colors Between China free essay sample

The Symbolic Meanings of Colors Between China and Western Countries Abstract: This bright world is rich in colors. When people are enjoying the beautiful scenery of nature, they create many words to express what they have seen, the so- called colors. People formed a rich association about colors for different colors have different meanings, or symbolic meanings. The associated meanings of color words are the result of mapping from one domain to another. Because of the common sense shared by the people and their similar way of thinking, people with different cultural background are almost the same in perception and taste. That is to say, the symbolic meanings of colors have many points in common. While because of the differences in customs, environment, ways of thinking, religious beliefs and nationalities, color words are inevitably endowed with their differences in symbolism. This paper aims to present the differences of color symbolic meanings between China and western countries and explore the reasons that lead to the differences. We will write a custom essay sample on The Symbolic Meanings of Colors Between China or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Conclusion 14 References 15 Introduction From a scientific definition, color is a visual phenomenon caused by transmission, reflection or light waves of objects. It is a basic human visual characteristic. Color is a perception of human beings to the objective world, and whether in nature or in social life, there are a variety of colors. The so-called beautiful world, colorful life can xplain that peoples real life is closely related to colors and people are living in a world filled with various colors. The founder of modern abstract art, Wassily Kandinsky, pointed out that the color directly had an impact on the spirit (Wassily, 2001: 213). In human language, there exist a large number of records of symbols of colors † the color words. These words are often used in the language, so it has rich emotional and cultural connotations, and their unique charms are very We must not only observe the basic meaning of the color words, impressive. but also pay more attention to their deeper symbolic meanings. In art and anthropology, color symbolism refers to the use of colors as symbols throughout a culture. In cross-cultural communication, because of different nationalities, different cultural backgrounds or different religions and beliefs, even among the same people of the same culture but belonging to different social groups, different social classes or different educational levels, the perception of various colors is not always the same. Color symbolism in different cultures owns different characteristics and some of the characteristics even have been extended and transferred to specific respects nd taboos. China lies thousands of miles far away from the Western countries, and the geographic location, natural phenomenon, historical background, national values, religion, and traditional custom enhance the difference between China and Western countries in color symbolism. This paper aims at introducing the similarities and differences of colors in Chinese and Western cultures, exploring the reasons for different color symbolism, with a purpose to avoid international communicative failures caused by this factor. The thesis falls into six parts. nformation and the generation and aim of the paper. Chapter two shows the similar symbolic meaning of color words in China and Western cultures from some basic color terms, including red, green, black, etc. Chapter three illustrates the different symbolic meanings of color words in China and Western cultures on the different colors, such as red, yellow, white, etc. Chapter four analyses the reasons for different symbolic meanings of color words in C hina and western cultures through three aspects: different values, different religions and different customs. Chapter five lists some communicative failures caused by misunderstanding of symbolic meanings of color words. Chapter six finally come to a conclusion that the study on the symbolic meaning of colors between China and western countries can help enhance cross-culture communication, promote and strengthen cultural exchanges and integration between people. The Similar Symbolic Meanings of Color Words in China and Western Culture Since human being are derived from the same species, thus to some extent, except the different conditions, all the humans are born with the same perception of objects. Accordingly, similar symbolic meaning of color words exists in both Chinese and Western cultures. 2. 1 Red Red is the strongest one of all kinds of colors to peoples eyes and brains. Red is the favorite and the most important color for Chinese people. It stands for Chinese basic cultural color and represents the Chinese material and spiritual pursuit. It is said that the positive symbolic meaning of red was spread far from east Persia to the western cultures. Now, red is related to festive days and celebrations to express a warm, cheerful, enthusiastic, passionate and enthusiastic spirit in both China and the west. Chinese matchmaker who manages to arrange a good marriage is called *1iR. Chinese people always cut red couplets, stick the red on the walls or doors and hang red lanterns to celebrate the New Year. In the west, red-letter has been applied to be an adjective word in the early 1 5th century. At that time, important Christian festivals and other days related to saints were marked in red on the calendar. In the 18th century, the non-religious also employed red-letter days as significant moments, such as the day of birth, the day of promotion, and the day of wedding anniversary. (Zhang, 2007: 69) Also, to roll out the red carpet for somebody is to welcome a person in high station with courtesy and deference. painting the town red refers to carnival and festivals. From the emotional point of view, the red color, both in the East and the West, can be extended to express the excitement, emotion, shyness, anger and other emotional states. For example, in Chinese, we have and fiÐ’Â ±1â₠¬Å¾fi which refers to anger and anguish. And in English there are also phrases see red and like a red rag to a bull used when a person becomes angry or annoyed. 2. Green In China, green is also a favored color after red. It reminds people of the start of spring with sunny days, luxuriant vegetation and vigorous signs of life. It is color of ood in ancient five Chinese elements, metal, wood, water, fire and earth. (Han negative meaning both in China and in the western countries. Green gives people the sense of natures harmony and tranquility and stands for wish and hope. The great Chinese poet of Tang Dynasty Li Bai used in his poem gog ¶% to symbolize spring. From that, the most dynamic stage of life is called  ¤ the youth, and this period of time is the adolescence. The scholars earned a lot of respect from people in China, so they were addressed respectfully as  ¤i9 and  ¤Ã‚ ¤ (Xie Haihong Zhang Liping, 2006: 96). In English, in the green eans one is in his vitality and green old age for one is old but vigorous. Green in keep the memory green and the green wound both express the newness in color symbolism. The green traffic light indicates permission of moving forward. Whats more, because green is the color of grass and trees, it is the best cover color of the ground troops; it represents army. Nevertheless, the negative meanings of green are as many as the positive ones. With the social changes in ancient China, feudal hierarchy brings negative sense to green. It was once color of poverty. and are symbols of officials who were too Junior (Chen Weibin, 2005: 36). We have a saying which describes a husband or a wife find his or her another half betray him or her. It is an expression of envy. Correspondingly, green also has bad meaning in English. It has connotations such as being Jealous, childish and ill- trained. For example, a green hand means a novelty who lacks experience; as green as grass indicates someone is naive and childish; a green eye is the Jealous eyes. . 3 Black At the beginning of primitive time, human beings were afraid of nights, because there was no light, and people were surrounded by darkness. Therefore, people naturally have a fear of black. As a consequence, color affects peoples physiology and life, and moreover the culture. In Chinese and western cultures, black symbolizes death, suffering and grief. Generally in the Chinese t raditional psychology people relate black to bad things, which are dark, evil and treacherous. And also black was conferred with illegal and ominous meaning. In the west, black is the dead color. It is the basic taboo in western culture. The symbolic meaning of black in Chinese culture is closely related to Chinese traditional five elements theory. Green in the east is for spring, red in the south for summer, white in the west for fall, and black in he north for winter. For example, *iF, refers to bandits, the behavior they act and the language they speak. And also *E reminds people of hostels robbery which often happens (Collier, 1973: 246) . The symbolic meaning of black in western culture is affected by western traditional painting art. Painters in ancient Rome and Greek applied their religions to the colors of works. Black is the embodiment of hell, sin, death and disaster. After 911, people call that day black letter day and black 911. In English, some phrases have completely equivalent meaning and form with Chinese sayings, such as black market *fi, lack hand black sheep Ifi+ and so on. 2. 4 Other Colors There are many other colors which share the same meaning between Chinese culture and western culture. Purple in ancient China is the symbol of imperial family. The forbidden city in Chinese is and is a propitious omen. In the west, purple is beloved by royal family. In ancient Rome, the purple clothes is a color without characteristics. A grey day, grey prospect of success and grey list are not good phrases. They all express the dooming and unclear meaning. Grey area means an area of a subject or situation that is not clear or does not fit into a articular group and is therefore difficult to define or deal with (Berlin, Kay, 1969: Pink is a color of woman. Chinese poet Cui Hu wrote the poem 204). e† I. He compared girls to peach blossoms, because girls liked to adorn themselves with pink rouge. In English, Pink-collar workers are connected to women who take govern, nurse or secretary for work. The Different Symbolic Meanings of Color Words Color symbols are culturally constructed linkages that vary with time, place, and history. Therefore, one color may perform very different symbolic functions in different cultures. 3. 1 Red Red in China and in the west presents different symbolic meaning, which is the most significant one among the color words. In English history, red is not a very good word. It is the association of the fire, blood, and it symbolizes cruelty, war, violence, revolution. Some Westerners take red as an evil omen or a sign for danger. The red flag that bullfghters use to provoke bulls is considered annoying. Red is used as a symbol of guilty, sin and anger. It is often connected with blood or sex. A Biblical example is found in Isaiah: Though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be white as snow. Also, The Scarlet Letter, an American novel of 1850s written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, features a woman in a Puritan New England community who is punished for adultery with ostracism. Her sin is represented by a red letter A sewn into her clothes. (Han, 2003: 137) This all comes from a general Hebrew view inherited by Christianity which associates red with the blood of murder, as well as with guilty in general. Often, red means to fear or scare. Another popular example of this is in the phrase caught red-handed, meaning either caught in an act of crime or caught with the blood of murder still on ones hands. Red is also associated with prostitutes, or now, with re d-light districts which we called 41XJX. 3. 2 White Contrast to red, white is a taboo word in Chinese culture, reflecting Chinese peoples material and spiritual rejection and disgust. (Heider, 1971 : 450) White is a pale and lifeless color with a symbol of death and ominousness. From the ancient time, after the death of a family members, g* is need to be done. Later, it is added with the meaning of failure in military. For example, the lost party in the war hold †° bR. And, it symbolizes illiteracy in education, such as the uneducated people are alled Weibin, 2005: 39). It is added with the meaning of corruption, reactionary and degeneration in politics, like what so-called But in English culture, symbolic meaning of white is like its literally meaning of this word. In the eyes of westerners, white is a pure and elegant color. So, what the color of white to English is what the color of red to Chinese. This taboo word in Chinese is popular in foreign wedding ceremony. White indicates purity and innocence, such as a white soul (pure), white wedding. It also means integrity and honesty, such as a white spirit as one of the white days of somebodys life. 3. 3 Yellow In ancient China, yellow is a color of holiness, nobleness and power. It is a variation from the color of red. In ancient time, people named the good days as *E. In politics, yellow used to indicate the power of central government and the majesty of king so that the color of yellow was exclusive to the feudal emperors with the expressions as embodying a kind of superiority and dignity of Royalty (Wang Yiyin, 2006: 168). However, with the change of social customs, the original meaning of yellow varies a lot. Unlike Chinese culture, the word of yellow in English reminds us the color of Judas clothes, who betrayed Jesus. (Yu Ting, 2008: 120) As a result, yellow is not such a good word in English. It usually means being melancholy, morbid, nasty and timid, such as yellow-dog refers to mean people, and yellow-belly to coward. New York Journal uses yellow ink to print gutter comics to earn circulation. So people call these unhealthy publications yellow press. 3. 4 Other Colors Blue is the color of the sea and the sky. In China, it is used to symbolize the peaceful mood. But in the western culture, blue usually gives people a sense of doom and depression. That he is in a blue mood means he is depressed and in a low mood. The blues is a kind of music of the dark, slow and sad, which is full of emotion. Besides, blue refers toa noble man and a noble birth, like blue blood. The blue ribbon is the highest award for the winner of competition. The blue room is not the room which is painted blue, but the guest-room in the White house, in which the president meets his close relations and friends. Also blue possesses negative meaning of being dirty and pornography. The blue film and the blue talk both embodies the meaning of yellow in Chinese culture. The blue revolution is regarded as the openness of sex (Zhao Chaoyong, 2010: 147). The Reasons for Different Symbolic Meanings of Color Words in China and Western Countries Color is a main aspect of our lives, so it is important for us to understand color terms truly and thoroughly. The difference between Chinese and Western worlds may confuse us in distinguishing the symbolic meanings of colors, but to keep the reasons that cause the differences in mind, we can not only interpret the terms themselves, but also the roots. 4. 1 Different Values People Judge others or things, such as beauty and ugliness, firstly by vision. Color of vision plays a critical role in criteria. But in the different culture background, the values of colors vary so much. 4. 1. 1 From Aesthetics Aspect Different nations have different aesthetics standards. The ethnic minority in the west of Vietnam has the custom of black dyed teeth, and the more black the teeth are, the more beautiful they are. Similarly, women in Mali, Africa people regard black as a lucky color. They use something called henna leaves to dye their feet and gums, and also the palms. Boys will take the girls skill of dyeing into consideration when they find their Ms. Right. But in Mozambique, also located in Africa, people prefer white as the beauty. Girls put flour on the faces which is made from a bread tree to make their skin white. For women, Chinese has the tradition aesthetic fond of dark their skin by sunbathing or other means Oiang, 2002: 60). 4. 1. 2 From Taboo Aspect The differences of perception of colors are shown by taboo. People from varied cultures have diverse taboos. Japanese, because of their religion of Buddhism, take green as a color of evil. Green is the symbol of courage and fght, the way of Asura which is abandoned by Buddhism. (Zhang Zhenhua, 2007: 81) In Belgium, blue reminds people of bad fortune, and blue is the color of Satan. Red is not favored, because after people die, the words about the funeral is written in red. Egypt, Ethiopia, and Brazil dislike yellow, and yellow is a bad omen to people. In France, the yellow flower is a symbol of unloyalty. The Irish can not accept blue-white things, for the reason that the national flag of Britain is blue and white. The Spanish hate brown for its bad symbolic meaning of disaster. In western countries, black is a color of funerals, so it is not applied to decorate bedrooms. Similar to the tradition of western countries, black and white are colors of funerals in China. nd †°% ¤ are he representatives of hell, so black and white somehow are taboo colors for Chinese. 4. 2 Different Religions It is universally known that most Chinese are either Buddhist or Taoist, while most of the western countries are Christian. Different religions exert influences on most part of the culture. 4. 2. 1 From Buddhism Aspect There are six realms of samsara in Buddhism. Accordin g to the legend, six realms of samsara is the way of reincarnation of living beings. Six realms of samsara can be divided into three good paths and three evil paths. The three good paths include gods, men and asuras. And the three evil paths embody animals, hungry ghosts and the hell. In six realms of samsara, white represents anatta, the way of heaven; yellow stands for love, good kind and the way of human; red is on behalf of greed, the way of evil; blue symbolizes the erotic keenness of sex, the way of animal. Green is the symbol of courage and fight, the way of asura; black is the color of sin and wrath, the way of sinking hell (Luo Shiping, 2007: 96-102). Another important color in Buddhism is yellow. Yellow is the color among five strict colors in Buddhism: blue, yellow, red, white and black. Yellow is the color of Buddhism. Buddhism is originated in India. People from the lowest class wear yellow clothes in the age of Sakyamuni. Therefore, the Buddhas choice to wear yellow clothes is the expression of simplicity. Future generations worship the Buddha, so yellow becomes the most distinguished color. People from Buddhist countries now look yellow as the color of the super world free from vulgarity and symbolizing unlimited power of Buddha. 4. 2. 2 From Christianity Aspect Christianity in the west is a religion of symbolism. Color is applied as an object. Most of the color meanings are affected by Christian comprehension. White symbolizes God, pure, soul, innocence, and life; gold possesses the meaning of sovereign, and confessor, while the same meaning of sun, love, wisdom and dignity; red, on one hand, represents the love of God and the blood of Jesus, and on the other hand, it embodies the meaning of sin in the world. The red clothes are the symbol of clergy, martyr and saint; green is the color of earth, hope, and birth, the color of clothes in transfguration; blue is employed to be on behalf of paradise, faith, infinite, color of king and pope (Yu Ting, 2008: 120). From those colors, the colors of Christianity and church have strict and special symbolic meaning. The church colors extend to the external world. The extension not only influences the modern art of Christianity, but also common peoples life. In the Christian society, yellow is one of the taboo colors, contrary to that in China. This kind of understanding is originated in legend that Judas who betrayed Jesus wore yellow clothes. Although there is no final conclusion about the legend, the abandon of yellow in clothes and painting illustrates the huge influence of it. The most obvious influence of color use in Christian countries is black. In Medieval age, many theologians held opposed attitude to bright colors. They believed that these colors present dangerous and ambiguous sides of things. Too rich colors can transfer attention of Christians. Bright colors were forbidden in the church. The main colors were white, black and grey. In the 1460s, a popularity of black clothes took the way in the western countries. Today, black suits, white shirts and grey coat are the traditional and plain color legacy. 4. Different Customs Every country has its own customs due to its unique history backgrounds, location, religion and culture. Customs significantly affect peoples understanding of colors. 4. 3. 1 In China The color of red has the meaning of Joy and celebration in Chinese culture. Such connotation may be derived from the legend of the Nian beast. It was said that there was a monster called Nian in ancient China. Nian lived in the depth of the sea and went ashore on New Years Eve. He liked to prey on livestock and hunt for human beings, and thus people escaped into mountains. But one year, in the Eve evening, while people were preparing for going up to the mountains, an elderly beggar came to the village. It was a scene of a panic rush and only one old lady gave ome food to the beggar, and she advised him to escape too. Instead of running, the beggar smiled to tell her that he had the means to drive away Nian. When Nian came into the village, it found red paper in the ladys door and the house was busting with light. At the same time, a sudden bang flap sound of bombing came to its ears. Suddenly, an old man appeared in red clothes. Nian was greatly frightened and fled helter-skelter. From then on, every household posted red couplets on the door, set off fireworks and suspended red lanterns to get rid of monster Nian. 4. 3. 2 In Western Countries White has a favorable meaning in the Western world. This symbolism is direct and traceable as elegance and innocence. The meaning originates from the color of snow, milk and white lily. In the Bible, white stands for gods and angels. It is the traditional custom in western countries that in the wedding, white is the main color of decoration. The wedding is also called the white wedding. The bride wears white wedding dress. There was no such tradition since the 19th century; Queen Victoria ordered a white elegant wedding dress in the wedding ceremony. From then, white wedding dress became the formal one in the wedding. (Han, 2003: 141) Until now, the wedding dress must be white, while only the remarriage woman can choose other colors of wedding dress to show the difference. Christmas is the most important said that white Christmas is the highest level of Christmas. White Christmas is that during the day before Christmas, 24th December, it snows heavily, and when 25th comes, the land is full of white snow. White Christmas is auspicious symbolism to westerners. Communicative Failures Caused by Misunderstanding of Symbolic Meanings of Color Words The reasons that have caused communicative failures on color symbolism can be xplored into two aspects: from idioms aspect and from pragmatics aspect. Some failure cases are given below in order to enhance readers comprehension. 5. 1 From Idioms Aspect It is universally known that there are many idioms in English, originated from many fields. Idioms are very important to help people to make better understanding of western culture. What is more, in the international communication, idioms are the obstacles leading to communicative failures. Here are some examples. One day, Tom, from England, and Wu Xin, from China, went to an auction of arts. The third piece of art is sculpture of gold tiger. The starting price is 200 million. It is really a sky-high price. Tom is surprised by many peoples interest in it. He says, It is really a white elephant. Wu does not understand. White elephant? It is a gold tiger! In this case, Wu misunderstands white elephant. What does Tom mean by white elephant? Its original meaning is truly the literal meaning. However, as an idiom, it has nothing to do with color. The meaning is derived. In ancient Thailand, if the king is not satisfied with a minister, he will give him a white elephant. White elephant in Thailand is sacred, and can not be killed or slaved. Because it is a gift from the king, it can not be given to others, only raised at home. Over time, the cost will lead the minister to bankruptcy. White elephant refers to something expensive and useless. Another example is black sheep. Once, some students from America and China hung out together, talking about English idioms and Chinese old sayings. One student from China said evil horse. It confused those from America. Later, they found out that he wanted to express the meaning of black sheep. There is an old saying in Chinese, and once it is translated to evil horse. Here is a big mistake. In English, black sheep corresponds to what Chinese mean It can not be translated into The explanation in Webster Dictionary of black sheep is a recessive black-fleeced individual in a flock of normally white-fleeced sheep. Why are people so interested in black sheep that there exists such an idiom? In western countries, people think black sheeps wool is less valuable than white sheeps. Meanwhile, the black sheep fears the white ones. Also, black is an evil color in western countries, so this idiom was produced. 5. 2 From Pragmatics Aspect The wide application of color words in language is always the hot topic in linguistics. Pragmatic meaning of color words differs from various cultural backgrounds, history and values. Some failures caused by pragmatic meaning of colors are given below to help the readers with better understanding. One instance is the translation of one of Chinese four classics. The recognized translators Yang Xianyi and Dai Naidie. But some people, especially foreigners, think it is inappropriate by using the word red. Great British Sinologist David Hawkes realized that the word red may cause misunderstanding like blood, violence, and fght to foreign readers. To avoid this possibility, David chose the other name of the ovel 62k, and translated it into The Story of The Stone, and unconventionally translated tÃ' $l* to Green Delights for green symbolizes the hopeful and vigorous meaning. This helps foreign readers better understand the content of the novel. The other one for pragmatics misunderstanding is about the city flower of Beijing, yellow chrysanthemum. Foreigners are surprised to see yellow chrysanthemum everywhere in Beijing, not only for the reason that chrysanthemum is the symbol of funeral, but that the color of the flower has pejorative connotation. In the eyes of French, yellow flower stands for disloyalty between couple. It came from the tale that Judas dressed yellow when he betrayed Jesus. Traditionally, British take yellow roses as parting between relatives. Conclusion In summary, although theres something in common between Chinese and western cultures, the symbolic meanings of color words in Chinese culture and western culture have a lot of differences. They faithfully record the history of Chinese and Western nations, as well as the social perspective of a specific period. Consequently, the color symbolism bears the distinctive marks of a specific culture. In cross-cultural communication, the color words in English and Chinese as a ymbol system in the two languages possess different uses and cultural implications owning to their distinctive cultural values. This requires us truly understand the differences of different countries cultural traditions, customs and values, which generate the different symbolic meanings of color words through the constant comparative studies. In this way, we can take a closer look at the meaning of words, including many subtle, specific symbolic meanings and cultural information carried by them. Thus, it can help enhance cross-cultural communication, promote and strengthen cultural exchanges and integration between peoples.

Environmental Analysis Anheuser-Busch Essays

Environmental Analysis Anheuser-Busch Essays Environmental Analysis Anheuser-Busch Paper Environmental Analysis Anheuser-Busch Paper Companies must examine the market looking for opportunities to row and improve the business in a changing environment. Dictionary defines adapting as adjusting or becoming adjusted to a specific use or situation 1996). Most prominent factor in the remote environment Is often the reciprocal relationship between business and the ecology? (Pearce Robinson, 2004). Numerous businesses today are due to concern about the environment; however, while other companies are Enhances-Busch has been practicing this philosophy since the when one of founders, Adolph Busch, began recycling leftover grain for cattle feed. A-B has adapted in several ways room recycling more than 27 billion cans annually, becoming a national leader in wildlife rescue and habitat conservation, to striving to conserve water and energy through the Bio-Energy Recovery Systems (BEERS) technology, which is a process that reclaims nutrient-rich leftover water to create renewable energy that provides fuel for the breweries (Enhances-Busch, 2008). To continue the efforts of environmental stewardship and adapting in efforts of A- B implemented an Electronics Recycling Initiative at the Sea World in San Diego that has recycled over 240,000 pounds of recyclable electronics that not only aided In retention the environment but also helped support the restoration and protection of native habitats for migratory species (Enhances-Busch, 2008). Of the largest corporations are realizing that business activities must no longer ignore environmental (Pearce Robinson, 2004). Macroeconomic Forecast During the fluctuation of the economy, the demand for beer has yet to waver. Today the economy is in the worst condition ever yet the future forecast for Enhances-Busch (A-8) in the beer industry looks remarkable. Consumer spending varies based on disposable income. When the disposable income decreases, nonusers do not spend as much on nonessential items and when disposable income Increases, consumers are more apt to spend more. Regardless of how much disposable Income consumers have, consumers tend to find the necessary resources to use to purchase beer. Consumer spending Is not the only variable with future forecasting; demographics are vital to the equation. Young adults are considered to be the largest consumers of alcoholic beverages. A-B should take advantage of the Increased population overseas Day Touching on global demographics to Increase continuous growth. The consumption of alcoholic beverages and energy drinks is detailed growing creating potential for growth for A-B. Social and Cultural presents firms with opportunities, threats, and constraints, but rarely does a single firm exert any meaningful reciprocal influence?C,-1?0 (Pearce Robinson, 2004). A-B believes in giving back to the community and has numerous benefits and outreach programs proving the social and culture efforts. For more than a century, A-B has extended a helping hand to the needy by donating to community organizations worldwide and touching innumerable individual lives. Over the past 10 years, A-B has contributed in excess of lion to charitable organizations, including those that support education, health care, the arts, cultural enrichment, social services and environmental conservation? C,-1?0 (Enhances-Busch, 2008). One of the biggest initiatives this year that A-B has introduced is a Smart?C,-1?0 program that focuses on underage drinking, driving under the influence, using illegal drugs, or driving without the use of a settable. A-B has partnered with 1-95 Corridor Coalition and the Florida Department of Transportation to encourage students who resides in states along 1-95 to be ? Smart. ?C,-1?0 This program will allow students attending high school in states from Florida to Maine along 1-95 to experience real-life drama by fire fighters and paramedics as they work to save lives of students who made poor decisions of underage drinking, driving under the influence, using illegal drugs, or driving without the use of a settable (Enhances-Busch, 2008). Although this program is focused mainly on students residing in states along 1-95, A-B also promotes responsible drinking overall which focuses on preventing underage drinking and drunk driving across the country. Political erection and stability of political factors are a major consideration for managers on formulating company strategy. Political factors define the legal and regulatory parameters within which firms must operate?C,-1?0 (Pearce Robinson, 2004). Some political factors have constraints that may diminish the possible earnings of the company while some political factors are intended to benefit and protect the company. The constraints can consist of fair trade decisions, antitrust laws, pricing policies, and minimum wage legislation all which are geared at protecting stakeholders (Pearce Robinson, 2004). The federal government uses the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (TAFT) to pressure the beer industry through the numerous TAFT Rulings for alcohol. Some of the rulings are Labeling and Advertising of Malt Beverages, Importation of Alcoholic Beverages, Labels on Imported Alcoholic Beverages, Imported Bulk Beer, Direct Shipment Sales of Alcohol Beverages to name a few. Enhances-Busch uses political factors to assist the company in preventing insider trading. Insider trading can affect the market value of the securities or the possibility of a potential investor to purchase, sell, or retain the many securities. For example, insider trading information that could be considered detrimental is knowledge of a change in expectant earnings, change in pricing plans, possibly acquisitions and mergers, disputes between suppliers and customers to name a few (Enhances-Busch, 2008). For example, when Index purchaser A T employees Ana parlor International AT a change in pricing plans, dividend rates or a change in expected corporate earnings, this would have been considered insider training and would have affected the sale between Ellen and A-B. Occasionally Enhances-Busch employees are privileged to proprietary and influential information regarding acquisitions and mergers along with financial information that is crucial to the company. Since some employees are aware of this critical information, any attempt to benefit from the use of this information is illegal if the documents have not been relinquished to the public. When an individual purchases or sells Enhances-Busch securities with the knowledge of inside information that has not been disclosed to the public, this is considered insider trading. Rule lob-5 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 prohibits trading in company stock before the information is made public (Enhances-Busch, 2008). Therefore, A-B implemented Insider Trading of Securities Policy to prevent employees from using the information for self purposes or sharing the information with others. By implementing this policy, A-B employees are aware of the consequences and legalities for the misuse of the material information. Among the political and legal factors associated with A-B, are the Political Action Committees that although not affiliated with the government, are influential in having the government pass legislation. Stricter liquor and beer laws, an increase in the current drinking age, and an increase in penalties for drinking and riving are a major focus for groups such as: Students Against Drunk Driving (SAD), Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MAD), and various other state alliances who are against the use of underage drinking. Technological In order avoid obsolescence and promote innovation, a firm must be aware of the technological changes that might influence its industry?C,-1?0 (Pearce Robinson, 2004). This is imperative that companies identify existing technological advances and recognize possible future advances that may influence the company? products and services especially with technology evolving regularly in society. A-B uses technology to maintain accurate inventory of all the products. Maintaining accurate inventory allows A-B to ensure availability of products to the retailers for purchase. Technology changes frequently, therefore, A-B must adapt to the ever-changing forces and trends of technology. Technological adaptations can suggest possibilities for new products, for improvements in existing products, or in manufacturing and marketing techniques? C,-1?0 (Pearce Robinson, 2008). Implementing the A-B mobility program, which is a software program that allows an employee to input and transmit customer inventory ND orders to the warehouse, ensures better accuracy of inventory and orders for next day delivery. Once the data is loaded and transmitted to the warehouse, warehouse personnel receive this information and can begin freeloading the necessary product for delivery to the retailer. By introducing a training strategy, the company will ensure that the employees are equipped with all the necessary information to be proficient at using the program. Using this A-B mobility program allows employees to perform a more efficient and productive Job, which overall pleases the customer. The A-B mobility program also allows sales employees to blew past Inventory nelsons, ten total cost AT new Inventory to De delivered, and any current promotions. Having this information at the salesperson? fingertips provides excellent customer service. Innovative technological adaptations can lead to potential for new products, for enhancements in current products, or in developing and advertising methods. Enhances-Busch continues to conduct technological forecasting in order to protect and improve the profitability of the company in the beer industry. Enhances-Busch understands that in order to continue to be the number one beer company, the company has to predict precisely he future technological capabilities and the impact that the capabilities will have on the future growth of the company then implement the strategy. Demographic The consumption of beer is primarily determined by consumer demographics. In order for A-B to remain a superior beer company, A-B must provide the product to various demographics. For example, A-B must focus specific marketing towards young adults, diverse cultures and ethnicity, different genders, and social, economic, and lifestyle differences. Since such an extensive group of consumers exists, A-B should why away from a standard approach of marketing due to the difficulty of reaching all intended targets. In order to target properly the various clientà ¨les, A-B should survey the different groups to determine the likes and dislikes so that current and potential consumers are satisfied. Competitive Analysis A-B is currently doing well in the beer industry. Known as the of A-B continues to display why the company remains the top leader in the beer industry. Through continuous innovation and technology, introduction of new products, the focus on brand image and aggressive and assertive marketing, A-B as been able to sustain many downfalls in the ever changing market. Due to competitive pricing, customer service and new products, A-B has been able to maintain sales and gain tremendous strides ahead of the competition, Gabrielle Brewing. Unlike retail where pricing is determined by the name on the label or the name on the department store, the frontline beer pricing is the same for all retailers across the board whether the company is a large store such as or Wall- Mart or a small independent neighborhood store. A few exceptions exist when frontline pricing on certain products is lower or higher than competition. Those exceptions include: monthly promotions where A-B will have bottles on sale and Miller Brewing will have cans on sale or vice versa or the distribution of special packages released to the market for different occasions. Another exception is during yearly price increases when competition will not raise the price on a certain package during increase period. A-B then decides whether to match that price or combat the price with another package that will be more profitable for the company to reduce. However, due to survival instinct, the company has been able to sustain Hess reductions to match competition because the company has been able to be productive in maximizing the dollars in other areas such as imports through Ellen, energy brands such as Monster and Lost and now water to add to the portfolio. In addition, once the retailer receives frontline pricing, the pricing to the consumer is based on each individual retailer and not by the beer industry. Both companies seek to have competitive pricing among similar product, but although the product is similar, brands stand alone and are produced with the best ingredients to provoke a quality taste In a quality product. Once gall A-B Allays winy ten company is position as the leader in the beer industry and why the company continues to set itself apart from all the rest. Assessment of Market Currently A-B is in good standing in the beer industry and with the recent merger with Ellen, an import company operating out of Belgium, places A-B in a league of its own. This business merger makes A-B the number one beer company in the global market and is an example of A-B continuing to meet the mission goals. The mission statement is be the number one beer company nationally by enriching and entertaining an increasing global audience while delivering superior returns to the shareholders?C,-1?0 (Enhances- Busch, 2008). The market structure for the beer industry falls into an oligopoly market structure. Oligopoly consists of a few firms being present in the industry, each having a major element of the market. These firms produce a homogeneous or differentiated product that dominates the market. Thus situated engage in strategic behavior and are mutually interdependent?C,-1?0 (McConnell, C. Bruce, S. , 2004). The behavior of A-B directly influences, and is influenced by, the actions of A-B? competition Gabrielle. A-B and Gabrielle must consider the reactions of each company in terms of pricing, advertising, and product development decisions (Mcconnell, C. Bruce, S. , 2004). A-B has substantially increased its market share making Budweiser and Bud Light, the nations two top brands, account for practically half the beer sold in the U. S. The downfall of regional competitors is partially accredited to success but is also attributed to strategic ability. A-B continues to build state-of-the- art breweries, produce effective advertising campaigns, and form compelling relationships with regional distributors. Although Gabrielle continues to create intention, several opportunities and issues exist that will be addressed through the strategic planning process. Opportunities that exist range from new products and market expansion to unrivaled distribution channels to issues ranging from high gas prices to increases in federal excise taxes. SOOT Analysis Enhances-Busch, the of Beers?C,-1?0 and the leader in the beer industry, possesses a wealth of strengths. A-B is dominating sales and brand image, is financially sound, and creates a positive work environment. Sales are steadily increasing due to the innovative marketing strategies that lid up brand image which improves consumer knowledge and approval of the products and services. Investments are not limited to the beer industry; the company also owns amusement parks. Financial stability is evident by the extremely low debt and by immense leveraging capabilities. To remain the leading company in the beer industry, A-B must maintain the current positive work environment by continuing to hire and retain a robust management team with substantial experience. By maintaining such a management team with a positive work environment, A-B will remain an excellent company fostering positive management and employee relations. Along with strengths comes weaknesses and in order for any organization to improve stature in its industry, the organization must recognize the weaknesses then resolve them. A-B must examine the weaknesses of competitive price strategy Ana market overgrown AT Drains teen arrest Ana resolve teen. A bottom-line is severely affected when the company is forced to respond to discounted competitive pricing strategies. When competition reduces pricing, A-B volume is affected because the company is forced to discount its prices to match competition. Due to the constant changing of market trends, A-B has continued to each all demographic regions and diverse group of drinkers by attempting to satisfy the vast range of drinkers needs. As other products enter the market, this creates competition for current placements causing market shares to fluctuate due to the large amount of availability of products to select from. A-B has significant opportunities for growth in the beer industry. Since Ellen acquired A-B, the strategy is Budweiser into Europe, Asia and Latin America?C,-1?0 (Herald Tribune, 2008). Introducing Budweiser globally is key, however, Ellen unrivaled distribution channels in the orals five largest beer markets: China, the United States, Russia, Brazil and Germany?C,-1?0 is an opportunity that will lead to maximum growth for A-B (Herald Tribune, 2008). As A-B continues to move forward and expand the portfolio, new opportunities are presented. A-B has currently branched out into the nonalcoholic market. The Joint venture with Hansen Natural, which is a major producer of the energy drink Monster which has shown significant profit and growth, has once again proven why A-B is currently the leader in the beer industry. A-B is highly regarded as superior competition within the beer industry yet the many is not excluded from external threats. With economy in the current poor state, high gas prices are a threat that dictates how often deliveries are made to customers. As gas prices began to increase, select customers who received twice a week deliveries were reduced to once a week deliveries, delivery routes where changed, delivery drivers went from a five day work week to a four day work week in an attempt to save gas. Another threat affecting A-B is the abrupt increases in federal excise taxes on alcoholic beverages which A-B assumes the responsibility of paying and does not pass on those additional charges to the customer. Long-term Objectives achieve long-term prosperity, strategic planners commonly establish long-term objectives in seven areas: profitability, productivity, competitive position, employee development, employee relations, technological leadership, and public responsibility?C,-1?0 (Pearce Robinson, 2004).

10 Career Lessons You Should Learn in Your 20s

10 Career Lessons You Should Learn in Your 20s Every hiring manager is looking for something different- a unique combination of experience and skills. But there are also a few universal skills and values you should always work to keep sharp. Everyone, no matter what place on the job hierarchy, should check in once in a while to  dig deep and  ask yourself  if you’re working at the top of your personal game.Here are 10 of the top lessons working in the current landscape should teach you. Learn them now, and use them to keep your skills sharp and updated.1. Networking MattersYou may hate social media- and hate small talk even more- but social networks are proven to be a crucial factor in professional success. Put some time and effort into broadening yours. Stand by the proverbial water cooler, even if you hate it. And cultivate as wide and diverse a network as you can.2. Keep LearningThe second you decide you’re done learning, or know enough, is probably the second you become obsolete in your industry and in tod ay’s economy. Don’t be left behind. Be the old dog that learns new tricks, acquires new skills, reads up on all the current trends. Even if it weren’t important for success, your life will still be richer for it.3. Failure is ProductiveDon’t give up next time you fail. Think of each failure as an opportunity, or a beginning. What can you learn or improve for next time. What can you try differently? Build up the dusting-yourself-off muscle.4. Teamwork is DreamworkMost potential bosses are going to want you to demonstrate that you can be a team player. Make sure to build the ability to manage others, to delegate, and to build positive working relationships with your colleagues that help you all do your best work and achieve your loftiest goals.5. Organization  is KeyYou won’t get very far if your desk is buried under a pile of messy papers and your time management skills are nonexistent. Start working on prioritizing, systematizing, and setting you rself up to get things done in a timely and tidy fashion. Demonstrate that you can meet deadlines without sacrificing the quality of your work.6. Practice Awareness/AcumenThis is something you can beef up anytime, and might just prove invaluable. Learn what makes a company or industry tick, what works and doesn’t. What are the newest trends, the deepest seated problems? If you can show that you really get what a company is trying to do and achieve, then you’re halfway to getting hired.7. Cultivate IntegrityDon’t be petty or dishonest. Be fair and responsible in all of your dealings and activities. This is seen as a sign of maturity, self-confidence, and trustworthiness and that’s worth a lot in the hiring process.8. Problem SolveYou’ll need this skill throughout your life, not just on the job. But do find a way to demonstrate to hirers that you can attack a problem, find a solution, and get it done. Prove that you can go the extra distance, every t ime.9. Be AwareDiversity is a hugely important issue in the workplace. You should be as sensitive as possible and as aware as possible of other people and other cultures- and be prepared to demonstrate this in your job search. No excuses for ignorance or intolerance.10. Be Open to Trying New ThingsMake sure you have a willingness to try things different ways, to work alone or on a team, to work remotely, work in an office, to work on multiple things at once. Adaptability is a valuable skill that will serve you both on the job and in your life.

Multiaxial Diagnosis of Joseph Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Multiaxial Diagnosis of Joseph - Case Study Example This is a sign of delusion where inpatient assume that people are reading their thoughts and trying to harm them in some way. In psychotic disorder, at times people can look calm and may not project themselves to be a patient. They behave like a normal person and only when they converse about their experience clinician can identify the problem. Joseph had been reported saying that his upstairs neighbors read his thoughts and left negative comments like â€Å"You are no good!† and â€Å"Lisa wants nothing to do with you!† "Why don't you just leave!".  According to DSM people suffering from the psychotic disorder can suffer from delusion and feel like people are saying things related to him and they also feel to have supernatural powers. Joseph is reported to feel like have telepathic powers which are a sign of delusion and hallucination. .â€Å" Delusions are false beliefs that significantly hinder a persons ability to function.   For example, believing that people are trying to hurt you when there is no evidence of this, or believing that you are somebody else, such as Jesus Christ or Cleopatra.   Hallucinations are false perceptions.   They can be visual, auditory, olfactory or tactile†(Heffner, 2002). According to DSM people with psychotic disorder suffer from abnormal thinking and perceptions. Joseph thinks that the people on the street could read his mind and understand the plans he had made for himself. He specifies that when he was in the kitchen and planning the dinner menu, the person on the street already shouted the menu. When people suffer from psychotic problems they lose touch with the real world and assume things which are imaginary and delusive. Joseph had a past occurrence of the psychological problem in college days where he received counseling for the same. This shows that he was susceptible to mental disorder and the major stress of unemployment triggered a psychotic situation in him.

PA Mod 5 disc Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PA Mod 5 disc - Assignment Example y include improving its coordination with other emergency response agencies as well as its unity of command, modernizing its information systems to boost counterterrorism. Lastly, the reports recommendations also suggest that FBI should improve its strategic analysis of terrorist networks and groups as well as their communication methods. A number of the Commission’s recommendations have to some extent been implemented both by the subsequent laws and the executive order. For example, unity of command has significantly improved through the establishment of a joint action where information sharing (Decker, 188) On the other hand, the agency has learnt how to communicate and work in harmony with each other. The allocation of a portion of the radio spectrum called the â€Å"D-block† directly to public safety for a nationwide network, which would in-turn ensure a network of communication between the agencies has also been adopted. In conclusion, the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission’s report recommendations have largely been good for the agency because they have not only enhanced the power of the agency to collect data and intercept communication but also to collect information during the investigation of terrorism. Although it is hard to tell whether the proposed reforms will help in terrorism prevention, I believe these new provisions will work toward ensuring that FBI as an agency is able to fight terrorism

Glass Roses Essay Example for Free

Glass Roses Essay What does a child have to go through to have the courage to live his life for himself? The Glass Roses by Alden Nowlan highlights the conflicts within the main character, Stephen, a fifteen-year-old scrawny teenager working with his father in the woods. He has been brought up in an environment where there is a predetermined set idea of what It means to be a mam The protagonist either has to follow in the footsteps of his father or pursue his desires to embrace others and show compassion. The friendships he develops and the ideas he grasps from his so called outcast partner named Leka teach him more about growing up then his father ever did. But what really troubles Stephen is mustering up enough courage to change what the preconceived notion of what being a man really means and if those around him are willing to accept what being a man means to him. A glass rose can be seen as a fragile replica of what a real rose actually is. Glass needs to be handled with care, it is weak and is not given the same admiration and appreciation as the ones we find in nature. Although this Is completely up to the person, ltx safe to say that I speak for the majority of people. Earlier in the story Leka has nightmares and twists and turns in bed as the night goes on and Stephen always is there to wake him up. Stephen is the only one to do so among all the men. This shows that he Is undoubtedly the most caring of the group, and showing any kind of emotion isnt something his father would approve of. I believe that he truly cares for others but must only do so openly a man. Theres a part in the story where Leka and Stephen are getting along and begin to regularly speak softly to one another at bed time. Stephen wants to be just like his father but doesnt want to change in order to do so. Its clear that he has soft side, Men did not tell one another fairy tales about cathedrals. But his father and the men at the bunkhouse need never know. This line makes me think about Stephen as having a split personality, one being an aspiring prodigy of his father, the other being a completely different individual yearning to be himself. It appears as if he has to act a certain way and if he acts any different, he forces himself back into that narrow mentality. I feel sorry for him and the fact that hes struggling so much to find himself while having the expectations of his father watching over him and breathing down his neck as he lives his life. All this makes him panic in the face of decision and a hesitant Stephen always turns back to his fathers notion of a man when in doubt. I always had friends in my age group so my parents werent really concerned about older kids taking advantage of me. I also have learned that parents can always see things in others that we may not see for ourselves in our younger ages. Towards the end of the story, Stephens father pulls him aside and speaks to him seriously about his concerns of Leka. He mentions the touchy gestures he uses when he speaks such as pat and poke, things that Stephen never really picked up on. Once again it makes e think of the homosexuality hidden in the friendship they have and maybe that is why they outcast Leka. Them Wops and Bohunks and Polacks has gotta lotta funny ideas. They aint our kinda people. You gotta watch them in this line he hints to his son that Lekas intentions may not completely be friendly. Having to be told about one of his own friends is the same as questioning his own decisions, kind of like questioning his manliness. Just make that Polack keep his hands off you. IVe seen fellers like him before. As much as it is fatherly to look out for your son, it makes Stephen feel like less of a man. All this talk gets into his head, I know this because I know if my father was this concerned about one of my friends it would definitely about waking Leka during his nightmares. The story ends and personally I believe that Stephen has decided to take the risk of becoming a man outside of the beliefs of his father and co-workers. Hes brought it upon himself to define what it means to grow up for himself, his own choices give detail to his character and knows that nobody but himself needs to be satisfied in order for him to live his life. The final decision of waking up Leka shows me that he hasnt changed and trusts his own intuition.

American History :: essays research papers

Great White Americans 1990s -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bill Clinton o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Democrat o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scandal o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Less aggressive than Bush about Foreign Policy o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iraq first step o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"You are with me or not with me† o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cut money supplies for terrorism -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bush o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Republican o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  No social programs o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oversea social programs o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Based on his father 911 -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Police Rescuers o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hand by hand, helped a lot. o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  America united they stand o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Majority of white people o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  356 died white -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bill gates o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Born seattle o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harvard  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dropped out o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First commercially successful PC o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Microsoft o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the richest example -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Steve Jobs o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Apples o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pixar -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Elway o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Football player -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  McGwrie o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Baseball o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  60 Homeruns Terrorism -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Background info o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Islam and Radical Islam  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Islamic Values  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Family, Faith, Hard work, and improvement of self and society  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Purity  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Only one god  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Misconceptions  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Treatment of women  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Treatment of minorities  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Radical Islam groups  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Taliban  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kharijites o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Belief  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lost of true path  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Non-believers are sinner  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Violence can be justified o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Key Believers  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  None that is famous  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wahhabi Islam o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beliefs  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Newer editions of the Quran is false  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Violence can be justified o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Key Believers  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Osama Bin Laden  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Muslim Brotherhood o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beliefs  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Complete Islamic society  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  No nation state  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  No Democracy o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Key Believers  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sayyid Qutb  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hassan al-Turabi  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Common points o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Islam has changed o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  God is supreme, obey god only o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The west is a place of sins o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hates Israel o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Major Terrorist Figure  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Osama Bin Laden  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leader of Al Qaeda  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Raised in a wealthy family  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Learned Radicalism during University years  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The invasion of Soviet Union shaped his ideology  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why he hates America  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  America’s support for Israel and its position on the Arab – Israeli conflict  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  U.S. military attacks and sanctions agains some Arab countries and its military bases in the Arab world.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  U.S. Support for some authoritarian Arab regimes, and its hostile policies toward Islam, and its own citizens of Arab and Muslim origin.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  U.S. hypocritical behavior regarding democracy and human rights in the Arab world. o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Al Qaeda  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Founded in 1988 by Bin Laden  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2830 members  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Purpose  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To overthrow Muslim governments  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Radicalization  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Destroy the U.S.  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tactics  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Use of terrorism  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  High technical sophistication o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Terrorist Attacks  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Octover 8, 2002 attack on US military personnel

Development of an Enterprise Resource Planning System Essay

Riordan Manufacturing Inc. is a global plastics manufacturer that was founded in 1991 and employs 550 people. They have since expanded to three locations in the U. S. and one in China. Due to these expansions the company is now experiencing communication and processing issues. Each system needs to be connected to the others in order to improve the tracking and productivity as well as communication between systems. We have been asked to develop a plan to implement a system to connect all of the people and locations into one enterprise system that will give the company access to information from any location at any time. This document covers our plan to achieve this goal for Riordan Manufacturing Inc. Statement of Scope and Goals Riordan Manufacturing has requested that an ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) be developed and used in the San Jose, California; Albany, Georgia; Pontiac, Michigan; and Hangzhou, China offices. The goal of this ERP project is to stream line the manufacturing, distribution, and inventory management systems across all plants and to use only one system. The newly proposed system will give Riordan Manufacturing a wealth of opportunity to grow its business and sustain the customers that it has already. The new system will assist the company in obtaining the goals that it has set forth with in its missions statement by providing solutions for its customers. Each of the four Riordan Manufacturing offices is utilizing different software programs to manage their manufacturing, distribution, and inventory. This type of environments provides very little functionality. The efficiency of this is also overwhelming because each plant in essence is not communicating with each other over one system. All of this makes it difficult to track accurately inventory, generate meaningful reports, respond to the information requests from stakeholders, and to make important decisions. Riordan Manufacturing needs an integrated solution that will provide real-time access to data for reporting, inventory, and distribution. The scope of the project is as follows: * A document that identifies specific modeling of the software that the company wishes to be implemented across the board as well as its dates for execution and go live plan. Detailed project plan to monitor and track the progress of the implementation * A communication plan so that status, upcoming events, milestones, and other general information can be shared with the project team as well as the stakeholders. * Risk assessment in order to identify any issues that may arise through out the project and have a contingency plan established before these issues arise. * An easy to use end user environment will be implemented. * All modules of the ERP system will be tested prior to implementation * End users will be trained in the use of the system and all modules before implementation. Technical and end user documentation will be created and finalized before implementation. * Process and procedural documentation will be created and finalized before implementation * All maintenance and support responsibilities will be assigned to those who will manage after implementation We will also hold a post implementation meetings and have evaluate the project implementation prior to the close of the project (Apollo Group, 2012). Support Measures for Success We believe it is important to track success in steps. We will be using Microsoft Project as a project management tool. This will give us the ability to track costs, labor, time and resources to ensure that the project is going as planned and also to know if there are any issues in any of these areas. Our goal is to bring the project in on time and within budget while still meeting all of the requirements for a successful implementation. Success is an ongoing goal and the focus of measure needs to be taken even after the project has been completed to unsure that choices made during the implementation still producing profit. Changes made need to be made during the support phase if additional functionality is needed. Adding more locations or applications to the system may also require altering the measurement standards of success. Summary of Project Feasibility To determine the feasibility of this project a number of factors must be considered, the first being the economic feasibility. Economic feasibility takes into consideration the overall cost of implementation and maintenance of the ERP system. It asks the questions of rather there be any cost savings through implementation of an ERP? Can be ERP increase the revenue for Riordan? And over time, will investment into the ERP decrease (O’Brien & Marakas, 2009)? In general, it must justify that the overall cost of the ERP give an adequate return of investment (ROI) back to Riordan (Motiwalla & Thompson, 2009). Next operational feasibility is looking at rather Riordan’s infrastructure can currently handle the demands of an ERP system. Then if not, changes are going to have to be made to those systems some that the implemented ERP can operate successfully. Also, it looks at the proposed ERP and rather it fits the business model of Riordan (O’Brien & Marakas, 2009). Finally, technical feasibility has to be looked at, to determine if current technology can solve the problems address by Riordan (Motiwalla & Thompson, 2009). Proposed Systems Requirements List Some of the system requirements needed to improve the functionality of Riordan’s raw material and finished product tracking process are as follows (O’Brien & Marakas, 2009): * Unify the process at all facilities to track raw material coming into them. So purchasing can order material in a more efficient manner. * Unify the process at all facilities to monitor the production levels at each plant so management and sales can plan future strategies. * Unify the process at all facilities to give real-time inventory control so management can better plan and coordinate inventory control. Determination of Requirements The aspects that will ensure the information required for this project is gathered successfully are: knowing who should be involved, what questions to ask, formulating a plan, and deciding on the method of delivery. Every stakeholder needs to be identified and contacted for needed user requirements. Once the stakeholders have been identified creating a list of questions needing to be answered will assist in planning and determining the delivery method. Stakeholders can review the questions prior to their monthly stakeholder meeting. The different types of deliveries are system observation, interviews, questionnaires, document review, or Joint Application Development (JAD) sessions. Information gathering techniques will be used to determine the users’ needs. Based on these needs the appropriate ERP system can be designed and implemented. The following techniques will be used to gather information needed on the current process; system observation, interviews, questionnaires, document review, and Joint Application Development (JAD) sessions. Because much of the manufacturing, distribution, and inventory management are gathered through manual process, a system observation and interviews will be handled all at once to document the entire process and system throughout each location. Observing system usage will give great insight into who is using the system and how they are using it. System observation includes manual processes such as comparing shipping documents to scheduled orders receiving report. Stakeholders to be contacted for requirements will be limited to the following roles with Riordan Manufacturing; member of order shipping team, member of sales department, member of manufacturing team, truck drivers, shipping area supervisor, member of receiving area team, receiving clerk, and inventory clerk. A questionnaire is a cost-effective way of gathering additional supporting information. This method of gathering requirements will be used for truck drivers because they are on the road. The use of an online format for the questionnaires to be completed will be the most successful. During the system observation, interview, and questionnaire phase a list of current documents used will be compiled. These examples will be reviewed for information needed for the proposed ERP system. Prototyping Another popular method uses documentation but at a high level and combines with a process of rapid design and testing of a working model of a solution. This method is called prototyping. This method is very beneficial because it allows the users and stakeholders to see how their requirements will be used to produce the system process. Taking the high level requirements and turning it into a user interface that is visual to the user and is a working prototype to see how it will flow. This allows for interaction and can turn some requirements into different solutions and determine which requirements are mandatory and which ones are going to be optional. It provides a more real feel for what the system process will look like and allows for visual confirmation that this is what the company is looking for (Owens, 2009). List of Confirmed Requirements As it stands now the companies most sophisticated location is the San Jose office. The ERP that is residing in that location should be adapted throughout each other location. Along with this the installation of a VoIP system which will allow for a more flowing form of vocal communication between the company and its customers. It also allows the sales team or anyone who is outside the office to connect and accept phone calls even when not on site. All of the locations should have a software upgrade from the current to Microsoft Office 2010. Access points should be installed so that each department see’s only the information that is necessary for their use. This access should only be granted through the technical IT staff after being approved by their specific supervisor. All of the operating systems should be upgraded to Windows 7 because of the smooth use with all of its programs. Reporting should be done either using SQL or Microsoft Access to allow for customized reporting and integration of reports made for each department (Apollo Group, 2012).